Gold giant Australia tab tom tua rov qab rau cov ntaub ntawv tshawb nrhiav boom
Cov neeg ua haujlwm kub hauv tebchaws Australia - teem rau leapfrog Tuam Tshoj xyoo tom ntej los ua tus tsim khoom lag luam zoo tshaj plaws - tab tom rov pib muaj kev sib kis- cuam tshuam kev tshawb nrhiav spree raws li cov nqi nce siab thaum muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm kev tshawb pom loj.
Rob Bills, tus thawj coj ntawm Emmerson Resources Ltd., tau hais tias "Kub ua tau zoo nyob rau lub sijhawm tsis hloov pauv, yog li kuv qhov kev nkag siab ntawm qhov no yog peb nyob rau ntawm qhov kev lag luam loj loj," said Rob Bills, tus thawj coj ntawm Emmerson Resources Ltd., uas npaj yuav rov pib tshawb nrhiav drilling lub lim tiam no. lub teb chaws txuas ntxiv yooj yim rau Covid-19 cuam tshuam txog kev txwv. "Cov tuam txhab uas tau txais nyiaj ntsuab yuav tig cov kais dej sai sai."
Kev siv nyiaj rau kev tshawb nrhiav kub hauv Australia tau nce mus rau cov ntaub ntawv tshiab nyob rau lub quarter kawg ntawm 2019, thaum lub xyoo tag nrho ntawm ntau dua A $ 1 billion ($ 656 lab) yog kwv yees li 20% siab dua xyoo dhau los, raws li tsoomfwv kwv yees. Nws yog qhov xav tau ntau vim tias tsis muaj kev tshawb pom loj thoob ntiaj teb hauv peb lub xyoos dhau los thiab tsuas yog 25 xyoo dhau los, S&P Global Market Intelligence tau hais hauv tsab ntawv tshaj tawm lub hlis no.
Cov neeg tshawb nrhiav kub tau mob siab rau rov ua haujlwm thaum muaj kev kwv yees tias cov hlau yuav pauv siab dua rau ob peb xyoos tom ntej no, txawm tias lwm lub lag luam, thiab qee tus neeg tsim khoom hlau loj, tau tshaj tawm cov phiaj xwm los txo cov peev nyiaj siv thaum muaj kev ceev faj txog kev rov qab los tom qab tus kab mob.
Kev txwv tsis pub mus ncig ntawm - thiab nyob rau hauv -Australia lub xeev, tau coj cov kev lag luam mining kom tsis txhob muaj kev tshawb nrhiav hauv av ntau vim tias kev ntsuas los tiv thaiv kev kis tus kabmob tau qhia txij lub Peb Hlis.
Qhov no sab laug Perth-raws li Emmerson lub ntsiab geologist nyob rau hauv lub xeev cov kob ntawm Tasmania, thaum kev vam meej ntawm tej thaj chaw deb tej yaam num nyob rau hauv lub Northern Territory tau raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev nqis tes ua los tiv thaiv cov zej zog hauv paus txawm.
Newcrest Mining Ltd., lub teb chaws tus neeg tsim khoom kub siab tshaj plaws, tab tom tsim cov phiaj xwm rov pib tshawb nrhiav cov haujlwm uas raug kaw hauv cov tebchaws suav nrog Chile thiab Ecuador, raws li tsab ntawv xa email. Qee qhov haujlwm ntawm cov chaw nyob ib leeg hauv Western Australia thiab Canada tau txuas ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm kaw.
Qhov tsis muaj qhov kev tshawb pom tshiab tseem ceeb kuj tseem tuaj yeem yog tus tsav tsheb hauv kev sib tw ntawm kev ua lag luam uas tau tsoo cov nyiaj kub hauv ob xyoos dhau los. Qhov kev nthuav dav tuaj yeem yog qhov qhia tau tias "loj, tshiab, kev lag luam nrhiav tau nyiaj txiag kub tsuas yog tsis muaj lawm," raws li Adrian Courtenay, tus thawj tswj hwm nyiaj txiag ntawm Odey Asset Management LLP.
Kub tuaj yeem ntaus $ 2,000 ib ooj thiab yuav nyob twj ywm rau tsib xyoos tom ntej no raws li tsoomfwv tau tshaj tawm cov kev txhawb nqa, raws li Newmont Corp., lub ntiaj teb tus tsim khoom loj tshaj plaws. Cov tub lag luam suav nrog VanEck kuj tau kwv yees tus nqi kub kom nce mus.
Cov miners tseem tab tom nrhiav kev tshawb nrhiav los cuam tshuam qhov kev poob qis hauv Australia cov txiaj ntsig kub vim tias kev ua haujlwm laus tau so haujlwm. Cov nyiaj kub hauv lub tebchaws tau npaj siab yuav nce siab hauv 12 lub hlis txog rau ib nrab xyoo 2022 ua ntej maj mam poob rov qab, raws li tsoomfwv lub tebchaws.
"Nws yog ib qho chaw zoo rau cov tuam txhab kub," Emmerson's Bills tau hais. "Tus nqi ntawm qhov drilling tsis tau nce mus, thiab muaj ntau qhov kev xyaum rigs tawm ntawm qhov ntawd - kev ua lag luam tau teb rau qhov kev tshawb pom, peb zoo heev."
"Tom qab ob peb xyoos ntawm kev poob qis capex, kev nqis peev hauv kev lag luam tseem tab tom npaj txhawb nqa ntau dua 2H 2020 thiab dhau mus. Txawm hais tias muaj kev sib kis thoob qhov txhia chaw, qhov ua ntej ntawm tus nqi siab, ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav kev siv nyiaj, nyob twj ywm, thiab tuaj yeem pom kev nqis peev tshaj li qib hloov xyoo tom ntej "
James McIntyre, Bloomberg Economics
Tseem, qee lub tuam txhab me tau tawm tsam los nrhiav nyiaj los pab cov phiaj xwm tshiab thiab yuav xav tau kev txhawb nqa ntau dua los ntawm kev lag luam peev, lossis koom tes nrog cov neeg tsim khoom loj dua nrog cov ntawv tshuav nyiaj muaj zog, Bills hais.
Kev nthuav tawm cov nqi ntau dua ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav kev siv nyiaj kuj tseem yuav xav tau txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv kev txwv kev mus los lossis tsoomfwv kev pabcuam kom yooj yim nkag mus rau thaj chaw deb, nrog rau kev nkag mus tau zoo dua, raws li Will Robinson, CEO ntawm Encounter Resources Ltd., uas muaj cov haujlwm hauv Western Australia. thiab daim ntawv cog lus koom tes nrog Newcrest.
Robinson tau hais tias "Yog tias cov kev txwv no tau yooj yim, kuv xav tias yuav siv nyiaj rov qab los," Robinson tau hais. "Koj tau txais tus nqi kub siab, poob qis, kev nqis peev loj hauv cov thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshiab los pab txhawb kev tshawb nrhiav kev vam meej - Kuv xav tias nws pib txi txiv."
Pob Zeb Zeb Liner Khoom Xaiv
Cov khoom sib txawv crushed, txawv kev ua haujlwm xav tau cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv kom haum. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntxhib sib tsoo compartment thiab nplua sib tsoo compartment xav tau cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv.
H&G Machinery muab cov khoom hauv qab no los nrum koj lub pob zeb liner:
Manganese hlau
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov manganese steel pob zeb hauv ob sab phlu yog feem ntau 11-14%, thiab cov ntsiab lus carbon feem ntau yog 0.90-1.50%, feem ntau yog siab dua 1.0%. Ntawm qhov cuam tshuam qis, qhov hardness tuaj yeem ncav cuag HB300-400. Thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam loj, lub hardness tuaj yeem ncav cuag HB500-800. Nyob ntawm qhov cuam tshuam, qhov tob ntawm txheej txheej hardened tuaj yeem ncav cuag 10-20mm. Lub hardened txheej nrog siab hardness tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam thiab txo qis hnav. High manganese steel muaj kev ua tau zoo los tiv thaiv kev hnav zoo nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev cuam tshuam zoo abrasive hnav, yog li nws feem ntau siv rau hauv qhov hnav-tiv taus ntawm cov mining, cov khoom siv, thermal zog, thiab lwm yam khoom siv kho tshuab. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam, siab manganese hlau tsis tuaj yeem ua rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv vim tias kev ua haujlwm hardening tsis pom tseeb.
Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg
| Lub npe | Chemical Composition (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Cu | P | S | |
| Mn14 Mill Liner | 0.9-1.5 hli | 0.3-1.0 | 11-14 | 0-2.5 hli | 0-0.5 hli | ≤ 0.05 | ≤ 0.06 | ≤ 0.06 |
| Mn18 Zeb Liner | 1.0-1.5 hli | 0.3-1.0 | 16-19 | 0-2.5 hli | 0-0.5 hli | ≤ 0.05 | ≤ 0.06 | ≤ 0.06 |
Mechanical zog thiab metallographic qauv
| Lub npe | Surface Hardness (HB) | Tus nqi cuam tshuam Ak (J / cm2) | Microstructure |
| Mn14 Mill Liner | ≤ 240 | ≥100 | A + C |
| Mn18 Zeb Liner | ≤ 260 | ≥150 | A + C |
| C -Carbide | Carbide A-Retained austenite | Austenite | |||
Khoom specification
| Loj | Qhov Dia.(mm) | Liner Ntev (mm) | ||
| ≤ 40 | ≥40 | ≤250 | ≥250 | |
| Ua siab ntev | +20 | +30 | +20 | +30 |
Chrome Alloy hlau
Chromium alloy cam khwb cia hlau muab faib ua high chromium alloy cam khwb cia hlau (chromium ntsiab lus 8-26% carbon ntsiab lus 2.0-3.6%), nruab nrab chromium alloy cam khwb cia hlau (chromium ntsiab lus 4-6%, carbon ntsiab lus 2.0-3.2%), tsawg chromium Peb hom alloy cam khwb cia hlau (chromium ntsiab lus 1-3%, cov ntsiab lus carbon 2.1-3.6%). Nws qhov zoo tshaj plaws feature yog hais tias lub microhardness ntawm M7C3 eutectic carbide yog HV1300-1800, uas yog faib nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug tawg network thiab cais nyob rau hauv lub martensite (lub hardest qauv nyob rau hauv cov hlau matrix) matrix, txo cov cleavage nyhuv ntawm matrix. Yog li ntawd, high-chromium alloy liner muaj lub zog siab, pob zeb toughness, thiab siab hnav tsis kam, thiab nws qhov kev ua tau zoo sawv cev rau qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv hlau tam sim no.
Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg
| Lub npe | Chemical Composition (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Cu | P | S | |
| High Chrome Alloy Liner | 2.0-3.6 | 0-1.0 Nws | 0-2.0 Nws | 8–26 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤ 0.06 | ≤ 0.06 |
| Nruab nrab Chrome Alloy Liner | 2.0-3.3 | 0-1.2 hli | 0-2.0 Nws | 4-8 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤ 0.06 | ≤ 0.06 |
| Tsawg Chrome Alloy Liner | 2.1-3.6 | 0-1.5 hli | 0-2.0 Nws | 1-3 | 0-1.0 Nws | ≤1.2 | ≤ 0.06 | ≤ 0.06 |
Mechanical zog thiab metallographic qauv
| Lub npe | Nto (HRC) Ak (J / cm2) | Microstructure | ||||
| High Chrome Alloy Liner | ≥58 | ≥3.5 | M+C+A | |||
| Nruab nrab Chrome Alloy Liner | ≥48 | ≥10 | M+C | |||
| Tsawg Chrome Alloy Liner | ≥45 | ≥15 | M+C+P | |||
| M- Martensite | C - Carbide | A-Austenite | P-Pearlite | |||
Khoom specification
| Loj | Qhov Dia.(mm) Liner Length (mm) | |||
| ≤ 40 | ≥40 | ≤250 | ≥250 | |
| Ua siab ntev | +20 | +30 | +20 | +30 |
Cr-Mo Alloy hlau
H&G Machinery siv Cr-Mo alloy hlau los nrum pob zeb liner. Cov khoom siv no raws li Australia tus qauv, (AS2074 Standard L2B, thiab AS2074 Standard L2C) nws muab kev cuam tshuam zoo dua thiab hnav tsis kam nyob rau hauv txhua daim ntawv thov semi-autogenous milling.
Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg
| Code | Chemical Elements (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Cu | P | S | |
| L2B | 0.6-0.9 hli | 0.4-0.7 hli | 0.6-1.0 | 1.8-2.1 | 0.2-0.4 hli | 0.3-0.5 hli | ≤ 0.04 | ≤ 0.06 |
| L2C | 0.3-0.45 Nws | 0.4-0.7 hli | 1.3-1.6 | 2.5-3.2 | 0.6-0.8 hli | 0.3-0.5 hli | ≤ 0.04 | ≤ 0.06 |
Physical Property & Microstructure
| Code | Hardness (HB) | Ak (J / cm2) | Microstructure |
| L2B | 325-375 : kuv | ≥50 | P |
| L2C | 350-400 Nws | ≥75 | M |
| M-Martensite, C-Carbide, A-Austenite, P-Pearlite | |||
Ni-Hard Steel
Ni-Hard yog ib qho dawb cam khwb cia hlau, alloyed nrog npib tsib xee thiab chromium haum rau qhov tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam, zawv zawg abrasion rau ob qho tib si ntub thiab qhuav. Ni-Hard yog cov khoom siv hnav-resistant, cam khwb cia rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov duab uas zoo tagnrho rau siv nyob rau hauv abrasive thiab hnav ib puag ncig thiab kev siv.
Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg
| Lub npe | C | Si | Mn | Ni | Cr | S | P | Mo | Hardness |
| Ni-Hard AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 1-550 | 3.2-3.6 | 0.3-0.8 hli | 0.2-0.8 hli | 3.0-5.0 | 1.5-3.0 Nws | ≤ 0.12 | ≤ 0.15 | ≤0.5 | 550-600 HBN |
| Ni-Hard AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 2-550 | 2.8-3.2 | 0.3-0.8 hli | 0.2-0.8 hli | 3.0-5.0 | 1.5-3.0 Nws | ≤ 0.12 | ≤ 0.15 | ≤0.5 | 500-550 HBN |
| Ni-Hard AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 2-550 | 3.2-3.6 | 1.5-2.2 | 0.2-0.8 hli | 4.0-5.5 | 8.0-10.0 Nws | ≤ 0.12 | ≤ 0.15 | ≤0.5 | 630-670 HBN |
Dawb Hlau Hlau
Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg
| Lub npe | Chemical Composition (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Cu | P | S | |
| Dawb Hlau Hlau Liner | 2.0-3.3 | 0-0.8 hli | ≤ 2.0 | 12-26 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤ 0.06 | ≤ 0.06 |
Physical Property & Microstructure
| Lub npe | HRC | Ak(J/cm2) | Microstructure |
| Dawb Hlau Hlau Liner | ≥58 | ≥3.5 | M+C+A |
| M-Martensite C-Carbide A-Austenite | |||
Yog tias koj muaj lus nug tshwj xeeb, thov hu rau peb tus engineer los pab koj!
Nick Sun [email protected]
Post lub sij hawm: Jun-19-2020