Mgbake ụlọ ọrụ Ngwuputa nwere ike kwado akụnụba Australia ọzọ
Na-arụ ọrụ ígwè Rio Tinto na mpaghara Pilbara nke Australia. ( Foto sitere n'aka Rio Tinto )
Ụlọ ọrụ akụrụngwa nke Australia ga-enyere aka mgbake akụ na ụba ọzọ ka ọnụ ahịa dị elu na atụmatụ mgbasawanye na-enyere mba ahụ na-apụta na mkpọchi coronavirus ya.
Ngwuputa ihe na-akpata ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 6% nke nnukwu ngwaahịa ụlọ mana ọ na-ekere òkè dị ukwuu na ego mba, na-ebuga nkewa na ego ezumike nka na ego maka akpa ego gọọmentị. Ígwè, nnukwu mbupụ nke mba ahụ, agbajila $100 kwa ton n'agbanyeghị nchegbu ndị dị n'ikpere mmiri, na-enye nkwalite mmefu ego n'oge.
"Mgbe ọ kwụsịrị ruo ọtụtụ afọ, Ngwuputa capex dị njikere ibuli ihe karịrị 2H 2020 na karịa. Ihe ndị ga-ebu ụzọ nweta ego na ntinye ego, dị ka ọnụ ahịa dị elu na ọkwa dị elu nke mmefu nchọgharị, ka dị ebe ahụ, ma nwee ike ịhụ ọkwa itinye ego na-ebuli karịa ọkwa nnọchi n'ime afọ ndị na-abịanụ. "
James McIntyre, Economist
Ọnụọgụ mmefu ego gọọmentị kacha ọhụrụ sitere na Disemba gbadoro ụkwụ na ígwè ígwè na-adaba na $55 otu ton, ewezuga ibu, n'ime nkeji iri na ise nke June 2020. Gọọmenti na-enweta ihe dị ka ijeri $3.7 maka $10 ọ bụla karịa atụmatụ a n'afọ ruo June 2021. , nke ga-enyere aka n'ọnọdụ mmefu ego na-eso nnukwu ntinye ego gbasara ego.
N'afọ 2009, Ọstrelia kwụsịrị nlaazu ego wee banye na mgbake ka China tụbara ihe mkpali karịrị ijeri $ 500 n'ime akụ na ụba nke ya na-akpalite mmụba itinye ego na Ngwuputa Down Under. Ihe ngwungwu mkpali nke China pere mpe n'oge a - na Australia abanyelarị nlaazu - mana ụzọ dị n'ihu nwere ike gosipụta otu a.
Mmekọrịta adịgboroja
Mgbe, mmekọrịta Australia-China nọ na mmiri mmiri na-esochi oku Prime Minister Scott Morrison kpọrọ maka nyocha nke onwe ya na mmalite nke coronavirus, egbochila nnukwu ngwa ahịa n'ihi ụkọ nke ndị na-ebubata ihe dị elu n'ebe ọzọ.
China agbaala mgbọ ịdọ aka na ntị na Australia na tarifu na ọka bali na nkwusioru nke ụgbọ mmiri sitere na ụfọdụ anụ ụlọ. Esemokwu malitere na Fraịde mgbe Mịnịstrị na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị na njem nlegharị anya nke China bipụtara nkwupụta na webụsaịtị ya na-ekwu na ndị njem nlegharị anya China ga-akpachara anya maka nchekwa ha ma ghara ịga Australia.
Andrew Ticehurst, onye na-ahụ maka ọnụego na Nomura Holdings Inc., na-echegbu onwe ya na esemokwu ahụ nwere ike belata elu.
"Ọ gaghị adị ike dị ka 2009 mgbe enwere pipeline nke oru ngo, ma ọ bụ ihe dị mma mgbe ị na-ejikọta ntinye ego nke Ngwuputa, usoro ahia na ikpughe anyị na China."
Shane Oliver, onye isi akụ na ụba na AMP Capital Investors Ltd.
Ọ sịrị, "Iron ore bụ ezigbo ebe na-egbuke egbuke maka Australia." "Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na ọ na-emebi mmekọrịta azụmahịa Australia na China, China nwere ike ọ gaghị achọ ka a hụ ya dị ka 'na-akwụghachi ụgwọ' Australia nke ukwuu, a pụkwara ịkwụsị ibubata ígwè ígwè dị elu site n'ibelata ibubata ngwa ahịa, ngwa ahịa na ọrụ ndị ọzọ."
Na-enyere ndị na-emepụta ígwè ígwè aka n'ụlọ, onye isi Australia, Brazil, ka amanyela imechi saịtị m ka mba ahụ na-alụ ọgụ Covid-19.
Rio Tinto Group, onye na-egwuputa ihe nke abụọ n'ụwa, na Nọvemba buliri atụmatụ imefu ego maka ogbunigwe ígwè ọhụrụ na Australia ruo ijeri $4, ebe BHP Group na Fortescue Metals Group Ltd. na-etinye ego karịrị ijeri $3 n'otu n'otu na mmepe nke ha. Ngwuputa ogbunigwe a bu n'obi dochie ụlọ ọrụ ezumike nka iji kwado mbupụ, n'agbanyeghị na ọ ga-enye nhọrọ iji kwalite mbupu.
Ndị na-emepụta coal na ọla edo na-etinyekwa ego na ọrụ ọhụrụ na Australia na mmefu ego nyocha na-arị elu. Ndị na-egwupụta ọla edo Australia - n'ụzọ ha ga-abụ ndị nrụpụta kacha elu - na-amalitegharị nyocha ọrịa na-emebi emebi n'etiti ọnụ ahịa na-arị elu.
Nhọrọ ihe eji eme Ball Mill Liner
Ihe dị iche iche agbajiri agbaji, ọnọdụ ọrụ dị iche iche chọrọ ihe mkpuchi ihe dị iche iche dabara adaba. Ọzọkwa, ebe a na-egweri ahịhịa na ebe a na-egwe nri dị mma chọrọ liners dị iche iche.
H&G Machinery na-enye ihe ndị a iji tụba igwe igwe igwe bọọlụ gị:
Manganese ígwè
Ọdịnaya manganese nke nnukwu manganese ígwè igwe igwe igwe ihe igwe ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ 11-14%, ọdịnaya carbon na-abụkarị 0.90-1.50%, ọtụtụ n'ime ha karịrị 1.0%. Na ibu mmetụta dị ala, ike ike nwere ike iru HB300-400. Na oke mmetụta dị elu, ike ike nwere ike iru HB500-800. Dabere na ibu mmetụta, omimi nke oyi akwa siri ike nwere ike iru 10-20mm. Ngwunye siri ike nke nwere ike dị elu nwere ike iguzogide mmetụta ma belata ihe mgbochi. Ngwongwo manganese dị elu nwere arụmọrụ mgbochi na-eyi nke ọma n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke mmetụta siri ike na-eyi abrasive, ya mere a na-ejikarị ya na akụkụ ndị na-eguzogide oyi nke Ngwuputa, ihe owuwu, ike ọkụ, na ngwá ọrụ ndị ọzọ. N'okpuru ọnọdụ nke ọnọdụ mmetụta dị ala, ígwè manganese dị elu enweghị ike ịmepụta àgwà nke ihe ahụ n'ihi na ọrụ siri ike na-arụ ọrụ abụghị ihe doro anya.
Ngwakọta kemịkalụ
| Aha | Ngwakọta kemịkalụ (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Ku | P | S | |
| Mn14 Mill Liner | 0.9-1.5 | 0.3-1.0 | 11-14 | 0-2.5 | 0-0.5 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
| Mn18 Mill Liner | 1.0-1.5 | 0.3-1.0 | 16-19 | 0-2.5 | 0-0.5 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
Mechanical Njirimara na metallographic Ọdịdị
| Aha | Ịdị ike n'elu ala (HB) | Ọnụ ahịa mmetụta Ak (J/cm2) | Microstructure |
| Mn14 Mill Liner | ≤240 | ≥100 | A+C |
| Mn18 Mill Liner | ≤260 | ≥150 | A+C |
| C -Carbide | Carbide A-ejigide austenite | Austenite | |||
Nkọwapụta ngwaahịa
| Nha | Hole Dia (mm) | Ogologo ogologo (mm) | ||
| ≤40 | ≥40 | ≤250 | ≥250 | |
| Ndidi | +20 | +30 | +20 | + |
Chrome Alloy Steel
Chromium alloy nkedo ígwè na-ekewa n'ime nnukwu chromium alloy cast iron (chromium ọdịnaya 8-26% carbon ọdịnaya 2.0-3.6%), ọkara chromium alloy cast iron (chromium ọdịnaya 4-6%, carbon ọdịnaya 2.0-3.2%), obere chromium. Ụdị ígwè nkedo alloy atọ (ọdịnaya chromium 1-3%, ọdịnaya carbon 2.1-3.6%). Akụkụ ya dị ịrịba ama bụ na microhardness nke M7C3 eutectic carbide bụ HV1300-1800, nke a na-ekesa n'ụdị netwọk gbajiri agbaji ma dịpụrụ adịpụ na martensite (ihe owuwu kachasị sie ike na matrix metal) matriks, na-ebelata mmetụta nkwụsị na matriks. Ya mere, akwa akwa chromium alloy liner nwere ike dị elu, ihe igwe igwe na-esi ike, na nkwụsi ike dị elu, na arụmọrụ ya na-anọchite anya ọkwa kachasị elu nke ihe ndị na-eguzogide ígwè ugbu a.
Ngwakọta kemịkalụ
| Aha | Ngwakọta kemịkalụ (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Ku | P | S | |
| High Chrome Alloy Liner | 2.0-3.6 | 0-1.0 | 0-2.0 | 8-26 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
| Middle Chrome Alloy Liner | 2.0-3.3 | 0-1.2 | 0-2.0 | 4-8 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
| Obere chrome Alloy Liner | 2.1-3.6 | 0-1.5 | 0-2.0 | 1-3 | 0-1.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
Mechanical Njirimara na metallographic Ọdịdị
| Aha | Elu (HRC) Ak (J/cm2) | Microstructure | ||||
| High Chrome Alloy Liner | ≥58 | ≥3.5 | M+C+A | |||
| Middle Chrome Alloy Liner | ≥48 | ≥10 | M+C | |||
| Obere chrome Alloy Liner | ≥45 | ≥15 | M+C+P | |||
| M-Martensite | C - Carbide | A-Austenite | P-Pearlite | |||
Nkọwapụta ngwaahịa
| Nha | Hole Dia.(mm) Ogologo ogologo (mm) | |||
| ≤40 | ≥40 | ≤250 | ≥250 | |
| Ndidi | +20 | +30 | +20 | + |
Cr-Mo Alloy Steel
H&G Machinery na-eji Cr-Mo alloy steel tụọ bọọlụ igwe ihe. Ihe a dabere na ọkọlọtọ Australia, (AS2074 Standard L2B, na AS2074 Standard L2C) ọ na-enye mmetụta dị elu ma na-eyi nguzogide na ngwa igwe igwe ihe niile.
Ngwakọta kemịkalụ
| Koodu | Ngwakọta kemịkalụ (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Ku | P | S | |
| L2B | 0.6-0.9 | 0.4-0.7 | 0.6-1.0 | 1.8-2.1 | 0.2-0.4 | 0.3-0.5 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.06 |
| L2C | 0.3-0.45 | 0.4-0.7 | 1.3-1.6 | 2.5-3.2 | 0.6-0.8 | 0.3-0.5 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.06 |
Ngwongwo anụ ahụ & Microstructure
| Koodu | Isi ike (HB) | Ak (J/cm2) | Microstructure |
| L2B | 325-375 | ≥50 | P |
| L2C | 350-400 | ≥75 | M |
| M-Martensite, C-Carbide, A-Austenite, P-Pearlite | |||
Ni-hard Steel
Ni-Hard bụ ígwè nkedo na-acha ọcha, nke nwere nickel na chromium dabara adaba maka mmetụta dị ala, abrasion na-amị amị maka ma mmiri mmiri na ngwa akọrọ. Ni-Hard bụ ihe na-egbochi ike eyi nke ukwuu, nke a na-atụba n'ụdị na ụdị nke dị mma maka ojiji na gburugburu ebe obibi na ngwa ngwa.
Ngwakọta kemịkalụ
| Aha | C | Si | Mn | Ni | Cr | S | P | Mo | Isi ike |
| Ni-Hard AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 1-550 | 3.2-3.6 | 0.3-0.8 | 0.2-0.8 | 3.0-5.0 | 1.5-3.0 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.5 | 550-600HBN |
| Ni-Hard AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 2-550 | 2.8-3.2 | 0.3-0.8 | 0.2-0.8 | 3.0-5.0 | 1.5-3.0 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.5 | 500-550HBN |
| Ni-Hard AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 2-550 | 3.2-3.6 | 1.5-2.2 | 0.2-0.8 | 4.0-5.5 | 8.0-10.0 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.5 | 630-670HBN |
Igwe Ọcha ọcha
Ngwakọta kemịkalụ
| Aha | Ngwakọta kemịkalụ(%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Ku | P | S | |
| White Iron Steel Liner | 2.0-3.3 | 0-0.8 | ≤2.0 | 12-26 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
Ngwongwo anụ ahụ & Microstructure
| Aha | HRC | Ak (J/cm2) | Microstructure |
| White Iron Steel Liner | ≥58 | ≥3.5 | M+C+A |
| M-Martensite C- Carbide A-Austenite | |||
Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ajụjụ ihe onwunwe pụrụ iche, biko kpọtụrụ onye injinia anyị ka o nyere gị aka!
Nick Sun [email protected]
Oge nzipu: Jun-12-2020