Kubwezeretsanso kwamakampani amigodi kungalimbikitsenso chuma cha Australia
Ntchito zachitsulo za Rio Tinto m'chigawo cha Pilbara ku Australia. ( Chithunzi mwachilolezo cha Rio Tinto )
Makampani opanga zinthu ku Australia akhazikitsidwa kuti athandizenso kuyambiranso kwachuma chifukwa mitengo yokwera komanso mapulani okulitsa athandizira dziko lomwe likutuluka pakutseka kwa coronavirus.
Migodi imapanga pafupifupi 6% ya ndalama zonse zapakhomo koma imagwira ntchito yayikulu kwambiri pazachuma cha dziko, kupereka zopindulitsa ku thumba la penshoni ndi thumba la boma. Iron ore, yomwe imatumiza kunja kwambiri mdziko muno, yathyola $100 tani mkati mwazovuta zakunja kwa gombe, zomwe zikupereka kulimbikitsa bajeti panthawi yake.
"Pambuyo pa kuchepa kwa zaka zingapo, capex ya migodi yatsala pang'ono kukweza 2H 2020 ndi kupitirira. Zomwe zimayambira pazachuma, monga mitengo yokwera komanso kuchuluka kwa ndalama zoyendera, zidakalipobe, ndipo zitha kuwona kuti ndalama zikukwera kuposa momwe zingasinthire m'zaka zikubwerazi. "
James McIntyre, katswiri wazachuma
Ziwerengero zaposachedwa zaboma zaboma kuyambira mu Disembala zidachokera pachitsulo chotsika mpaka $ 55 pa tani, kupatula katundu, pofika kotala ya June 2020. Boma limapeza pafupifupi A $ 3.7 biliyoni pa $ 10 iliyonse kupitilira kuyerekeza uku mchaka mpaka June 2021. , zomwe zithandizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa bajeti kutsatira jekeseni wamkulu wandalama.
Mu 2009, Australia idasiya kutsika kwachuma ndikuyambiranso pomwe China idatsitsa zokoka zopitilira $500 biliyoni pachuma chake zomwe zidapangitsa kuti migodi ichuluke kwambiri. Phukusi lachilimbikitso la China ndilocheperako nthawi ino - ndipo Australia yatsika kale - koma njira yomwe ili mtsogolo ingakhale yofanana.
Ubale wovuta
Pomwe ubale wa Australia-China uli m'madzi amphepo kutsatira kuyitanitsa kwa Prime Minister a Scott Morrison kuti afufuze zodziyimira pawokha za komwe coronavirus idachokera, zinthu zazikuluzikulu zidachotsedwa chifukwa chakusowa kwa ogulitsa apamwamba kwina.
China yawombera chenjezo ku Australia ndi mitengo ya balere komanso kuyimitsidwa kwa katundu kuchokera kumalo ena ophera nyama. Kusamvana kudakula Lachisanu pomwe Unduna wa Zachikhalidwe ndi Zokopa alendo ku China udasindikiza chikalata patsamba lake kuti alendo aku China azikhala tcheru kuti atetezeke ndipo asapite ku Australia.
Andrew Ticehurst, katswiri wamitengo ku Nomura Holdings Inc., ali ndi nkhawa kuti mikanganoyo ingathe kuchepetsa kukhumudwa.
"Sizikhala zolimba ngati 2009 pomwe panali ntchito zoyambira, koma ndi zabwino mukaphatikiza ndalama zamigodi, momwe malonda akugwirira ntchito komanso kuwonekera kwathu ku China."
Shane Oliver, katswiri wazachuma ku AMP Capital Investors Ltd.
"Iron ore ndi malo enieni owala ku Australia," adatero. "Komabe, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ubale wamalonda ku Australia ndi China, China sichingafune kuwonedwa ngati 'yopindulitsa' kwambiri ku Australia, ndipo kugulitsa chitsulo chochuluka kuchokera kunja kungathetsedwe ndi kutsika kwa katundu, katundu ndi ntchito zina kuchokera kunja."
Kuthandiziranso opanga zitsulo zapakhomo, mdani wamkulu waku Australia, Brazil, adakakamizika kutseka malo amigodi pomwe dzikolo likulimbana ndi Covid-19.
Gulu la Rio Tinto, wofufuza mgodi wa 2 wapadziko lonse lapansi, mu Novembala adakweza ndalama zomwe zidakonzedwa pamigodi yatsopano yachitsulo ku Australia kufika $4 biliyoni, pomwe BHP Group ndi Fortescue Metals Group Ltd. onse akuyika ndalama zoposa $3 biliyoni imodzi pazotukuka zawo. Migodiyi ikufuna kusintha malo omwe adapuma pantchito kuti apitilize kutumiza kunja, ngakhale ipereka njira zowonjezerera kutumiza.
Opanga malasha ndi golidi akuwononganso ndalama pa ntchito zatsopano ku Australia ndipo bajeti zowunikira zikukwera. Ogwira ntchito m'migodi ku Australia - omwe atsala pang'ono kukhala opanga kwambiri - ayambiranso kufufuza komwe kwasokoneza mliri pakati pa mitengo ikukwera.
Kusankhidwa kwa Zinthu Zopangira Mpira Mill
Zosiyanasiyana zophwanyidwa, zogwirira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zimafunikira ma liner osiyanasiyana kuti agwirizane. Komanso, chipinda chogawirako ndi chopera bwino chimafunikira zingwe zosiyanasiyana.
H&G Machinery imapereka zinthu zotsatirazi kuti muponyere liner yanu ya mphero:
Chitsulo cha Manganese
The manganese zili mkulu manganese zitsulo mpira mphero akalowa mbale nthawi zambiri 11-14%, ndi mpweya zili zambiri 0.90-1.50%, ambiri amene ali pamwamba 1.0%. Pakatundu wocheperako, kuuma kumatha kufika HB300-400. Pakatundu wambiri, kuuma kumatha kufika HB500-800. Kutengera momwe zimakhudzira, kuya kwa wosanjikiza wowuma kumatha kufika 10-20mm. Wosanjikiza wowuma wokhala ndi kuuma kwakukulu kumatha kukana kukhudzidwa ndikuchepetsa kuvala kwa abrasive. Chitsulo chapamwamba cha manganese chimakhala ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri yotsutsana ndi kuvala pansi pakuvala kwamphamvu kwa abrasive, motero nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osamva amigodi, zida zomangira, mphamvu zotentha, ndi zida zina zamakina. Pansi pazikhalidwe zotsika kwambiri, chitsulo chachikulu cha manganese sichingakhale ndi mawonekedwe azinthuzo chifukwa chowumitsa ntchito sichikuwonekera.
Mapangidwe a Chemical
| Dzina | Mapangidwe a Chemical (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Ku | P | S | |
| Mn14 Mill Liner | 0.9-1.5 | 0.3-1.0 | 11-14 | 0-2.5 | 0-0.5 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
| Mn18 Mill Liner | 1.0-1.5 | 0.3-1.0 | 16-19 | 0-2.5 | 0-0.5 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
Zimango katundu ndi kapangidwe metallographic
| Dzina | Kuuma Pamwamba (HB) | Mtengo wa Ak (J/cm2) | Microstructure |
| Mn14 Mill Liner | ≤240 | ≥100 | A+C |
| Mn18 Mill Liner | ≤260 | ≥150 | A+C |
| C -Carbide | Carbide A-yosungidwa austenite | Austenite | |||
Mafotokozedwe azinthu
| Kukula | Hole Dia. (mm) | Kutalika kwa Liner (mm) | ||
| ≤40 | ≥40 | ≤250 | ≥250 | |
| Kulekerera | + 20 | + 30 | + | + 30 |
Chrome Alloy Steel
Chromium aloyi kuponyedwa chitsulo ogaŵikana mkulu chromium aloyi kuponyedwa chitsulo (chromium zili 8-26% mpweya zili 2.0-3.6%), sing'anga chromium aloyi kuponyedwa chitsulo (chromium zili 4-6%, mpweya zili 2.0-3.2%), otsika chromium Mitundu itatu ya aloyi kuponyedwa chitsulo (chromium zili 1-3%, carbon zili 2.1-3.6%). Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti microhardness ya M7C3 eutectic carbide ndi HV1300-1800, yomwe imagawidwa mu mawonekedwe a maukonde osweka ndi olekanitsidwa pa martensite (yovuta kwambiri muzitsulo zachitsulo) masanjidwewo, kuchepetsa zotsatira za cleavage pa masanjidwewo. Chifukwa chake, cholumikizira chapamwamba cha chromium chimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, kulimba kwa mphero ya mpira, komanso kukana kuvala kwapamwamba, ndipo magwiridwe ake amayimira kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe zitsulo sizimva kuvala.
Mapangidwe a Chemical
| Dzina | Mapangidwe a Chemical (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Ku | P | S | |
| High Chrome Alloy Liner | 2.0-3.6 | 0-1.0 | 0-2.0 | 8-26 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
| Middle Chrome Alloy Liner | 2.0-3.3 | 0-1.2 | 0-2.0 | 4-8 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
| Low Chrome Alloy Liner | 2.1-3.6 | 0-1.5 | 0-2.0 | 1-3 | 0-1.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
Zimango katundu ndi kapangidwe metallographic
| Dzina | Pamwamba (HRC) Ak (J/cm2) | Microstructure | ||||
| High Chrome Alloy Liner | ≥58 | ≥3.5 | M+C+A | |||
| Middle Chrome Alloy Liner | ≥48 | ≥10 | M+C | |||
| Low Chrome Alloy Liner | ≥45 | ≥15 | M+C+P | |||
| M-Martensite | C-Carbide | A-Austenite | P-Pearlite | |||
Mafotokozedwe azinthu
| Kukula | Hole Dia. (mm) Kutalika kwa Liner (mm) | |||
| ≤40 | ≥40 | ≤250 | ≥250 | |
| Kulekerera | + 20 | + 30 | + | + 30 |
Cr-Mo Aloyi Chitsulo
H&G Machinery imagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cha Cr-Mo alloy poponya mphero. Zinthuzi kutengera muyeso waku Australia, (AS2074 Standard L2B, ndi AS2074 Standard L2C) zimapatsa mphamvu komanso kukana kuvala pamapulogalamu onse opangira ma semi-autogenous mphero.
Mapangidwe a Chemical
| Kodi | Chemical Elements (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Ku | P | S | |
| L2B | 0.6-0.9 | 0.4-0.7 | 0.6-1.0 | 1.8-2.1 | 0.2-0.4 | 0.3-0.5 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.06 |
| L2C | 0.3-0.45 | 0.4-0.7 | 1.3-1.6 | 2.5-3.2 | 0.6-0.8 | 0.3-0.5 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.06 |
Physical Property & Microstructure
| Kodi | Kuuma (HB) | Ak (J/cm2) | Microstructure |
| L2B | 325-375 | ≥50 | P |
| L2C | 350-400 | ≥75 | M |
| M-Martensite, C-Carbide, A-Austenite, P-Pearlite | |||
Ni-hard Steel
Ni-Hard ndi chitsulo choyera choyera, chosakanikirana ndi faifi tambala ndi chromium yoyenera kutsika pang'ono, ma abrasion otsetsereka pazonse zonyowa komanso zowuma. Ni-Hard ndi chinthu chosamva kuvala kwambiri, chopangidwa m'mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe omwe ndi abwino kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pamapangidwe abrasive ndi kuvala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.
Mapangidwe a Chemical
| Dzina | C | Si | Mn | Ndi | Cr | S | P | Mo | Kuuma |
| Ni-Hard AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 1-550 | 3.2-3.6 | 0.3-0.8 | 0.2-0.8 | 3.0-5.0 | 1.5-3.0 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.5 | 550-600HBN |
| Ni-Hard AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 2-550 | 2.8-3.2 | 0.3-0.8 | 0.2-0.8 | 3.0-5.0 | 1.5-3.0 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.5 | 500-550HBN |
| Ni-Hard AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 2-550 | 3.2-3.6 | 1.5-2.2 | 0.2-0.8 | 4.0-5.5 | 8.0-10.0 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.5 | 630-670HBN |
Chitsulo Choyera
Mapangidwe a Chemical
| Dzina | Mapangidwe a Chemical (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Ku | P | S | |
| White Iron Steel Liner | 2.0-3.3 | 0-0.8 | ≤2.0 | 12-26 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
Physical Property & Microstructure
| Dzina | Mtengo wa HRC | Ak(J/cm2) | Microstructure |
| White Iron Steel Liner | ≥58 | ≥3.5 | M+C+A |
| M-Martensite C-Carbide A-Austenite | |||
Ngati muli ndi mafunso apadera, chonde lemberani injiniya wathu kuti akuthandizeni!
Nick Sun [email protected]
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-12-2020