Ho hlaphoheloa ha indasteri ea merafo ho ka matlafatsa moruo oa Australia hape
Ts'ebetso ea tšepe ea Rio Tinto sebakeng sa Pilbara sa Australia. ( Setšoantšo ka tumello ea Rio Tinto )
Indasteri ea lisebelisoa ea Australia e ikemiselitse ho thusa ho fola ha moruo hape kaha litheko tse holimo le merero ea katoloso li thusa naha e tsoang ho koalo ea eona ea coronavirus.
Meepo e ikarabella bakeng sa hoo e ka bang 6% ea kakaretso ea lihlahisoa tsa lehae empa e na le karolo e ka holimo ho chelete ea naha, e fana ka likhaello licheleteng tsa penshene le lichelete tsa lichelete tsa mmuso. Iron ore, e leng eona ntho e kholo ka ho fetisisa naheng eo, e sentse $100 tonne har'a matšoenyeho a phepelo ea kantle ho lebopo, e fana ka keketseho ea tekanyetso e nakong.
"Kamora ho fokotseha ka lilemo tse 'maloa, capex ea merafo e mothating oa ho phahama ho feta 2H 2020 le ho feta. Lintho tse tlang pele bakeng sa ho eketseha ha matsete, joalo ka litheko tse phahameng le maemo a holimo a litšenyehelo tsa lipatlisiso, li ntse li le teng, 'me li ka bona matsete a phahama ho feta maemo a mang lilemong tse tlang."
James McIntyre, setsebi sa moruo
Lipalo tsa morao-rao tsa lichelete tsa mmuso ho tloha ka December li ne li thehiloe holim'a tšepe e oelang ho $55 tonne, ho sa kenyeletsoe thepa, ka kotara ea Phuptjane ea 2020. Mmuso o fumana chelete e ka bang A$3.7 bilione bakeng sa $10 e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ho feta khakanyo ena selemong ho fihlela ka Phuptjane 2021. , e tla thusa boemo ba tekanyetso ka mor'a ente e kholo ea lichelete.
Ka 2009, Australia e ile ea qoba ho putlama ha moruo 'me ea ntlafala ha China e theolela khothatso e fetang $500 bilione moruong oa eona e hlohlelletsang matsete a matle a merafo Down Under. Sephutheloana sa khothatso sa China se nyane haholo nakong ena - mme Australia e se e putlama - empa tsela e ka pele e ka ipaka e tšoana.
Likamano tse senyehileng
Le ha kamano ea Australia le China e le metsing a sefefo ka mor'a hore Tonakholo Scott Morrison a kope hore ho etsoe phuputso e ikemetseng mabapi le tšimoloho ea coronavirus, lihlahisoa tse ngata tsa bohlokoa li tlositsoe moferefereng ka lebaka la khaello ea barekisi ba boleng bo holimo libakeng tse ling.
China e thuntse lithunya tsa temoso ho Australia ka litefiso tsa harese le ho emisoa ha thomello e tsoang libakeng tse ling tsa mahlabelo. Likhohlano li ile tsa mpefala ka Labohlano ha Lekala la Setso le Bohahlauli la China le phatlalatsa polelo ho webosaete ea lona e reng bahahlauli ba China ba falimehele polokeho ea bona mme ba se ke ba etela Australia.
Andrew Ticehurst, setsebi sa leano la litefiso ho Nomura Holdings Inc., o tšoenyehile hore likhohlano li ka fokotsa maemo a holimo.
"E ke ke ea ba matla joalo ka 2009 ha ho ne ho e-na le liphaephe tsa merero, empa ke ntho e ntle ha u kopanya matsete a merafo, maemo a khoebo le ho pepeseha ha rona Chaena."
Shane Oliver, setsebi se ka sehloohong sa moruo ho AMP Capital Investors Ltd.
O ile a re: "Ore ea tšepe ke sebaka se khanyang sa 'nete sa Australia. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho nahanoa ka ho senyeha ha kamano ea khoebo ea Australia le Chaena, Chaena e ka ’na ea se lakatse ho bonoa e le 'e putsa' Australia haholo, 'me thepa e phahameng ea tšepe e tsoang linaheng tse ling e ka fokotsoa ka ho fokotsoa ha thepa, thepa le litšebeletso tse ling."
Ho tsoela pele ho thusa bahlahisi ba tšepe ea malapeng, mohanyetsi oa mantlha oa Australia, Brazil, e qobelletsoe ho koala libaka tsa merafo ha naha e ntse e loana Covid-19.
Rio Tinto Group, moepo wa No. 2 wa lefatshe, ka Pudungwana e phahamisitse ditshenyehelo tse rerilweng merafong e metjha ya tshepe Australia ho ya ho $4 bilione, ha BHP Group le Fortescue Metals Group Ltd. ka bobedi ba tsetela ho feta $3 bilione ho dintlafatso tsa bona. Haholo-holo merafo e reretsoe ho nkela sebaka sa lisebelisuoa tse tlohelang mosebetsi ho boloka thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha, leha ho le joalo e tla fana ka likhetho tsa ho matlafatsa thomello.
Bahlahisi ba mashala le khauta le bona ba sebelisa chelete mererong e mecha Australia 'me lichelete tsa liphuputso li ntse li phahama. Basebetsi ba merafo ea khauta ba Australia - ba tseleng ea ho ba mohlahisi ea kaholimo - ba qalella lets'oao le sentsoeng ke seoa la ho batlisisa har'a litheko tse ntseng li phahama.
Khetho ea Lintho tsa Ball Mill Liner
Lintho tse fapaneng tse sithabetseng, maemo a fapaneng a ts'ebetso a hloka li-liner tse fapaneng hore li lumellane. Hape, phaposi e mahoashe ea ho sila le phaposi ea ho sila e mahoashe e hloka li-liner tse fapaneng.
H&G Machinery e fana ka lisebelisoa tse latelang ho lahlela liner ea hau:
Tšepe ea Manganese
Liteng tsa manganese tsa leloala le phahameng la tšepe la manganese ka kakaretso ke 11-14%, 'me khabone hangata ke 0.90-1.50%, boholo ba eona e kaholimo ho 1.0%. Ka meroalo e nang le tšusumetso e tlase, boima bo ka fihla HB300-400. Ka meroalo e matla, boima bo ka fihla HB500-800. Ho itšetlehile ka mojaro oa tšusumetso, botebo ba lera le thata bo ka fihla ho 10-20mm. Sekhahla se thata se nang le boima bo phahameng se ka hanela tšusumetso le ho fokotsa ho roala ha abrasive. Litšepe tse phahameng tsa manganese li na le ts'ebetso e ntle ea anti-wear tlasa maemo a matla a ho roala, kahoo hangata e sebelisoa likarolong tse sa sebetseng tsa meepo, lisebelisoa tsa kaho, matla a mocheso le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa mochini. Tlas'a maemo a maemo a tlase a ts'oaetso, tšepe e phahameng ea manganese e ke ke ea sebelisa litšobotsi tsa thepa hobane phello e thata ea mosebetsi ha e totobetse.
Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale
| Lebitso | Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mong | Kr | Mo | Cu | P | S | |
| Mn14 Mill Liner | 0.9-1.5 | 0.3-1.0 | 11-14 | 0-2.5 | 0-0.5 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
| Mn18 Mill Liner | 1.0-1.5 | 0.3-1.0 | 16-19 | 0-2.5 | 0-0.5 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
Thepa ea mochini le sebopeho sa metallographic
| Lebitso | Ho thatafala ha Bokaho (HB) | Boleng ba tšusumetso Ak (J/cm2) | Microstructure |
| Mn14 Mill Liner | ≤240 | ≥100 | A+C |
| Mn18 Mill Liner | ≤260 | ≥150 | A+C |
| C -Carbide | Carbide A-E bolokiloe austenite | Austenite | |||
Tlhaloso ea lihlahisoa
| Boholo | Hole Dia. (mm) | Bolelele ba Liner (mm) | ||
| ≤40 | ≥40 | ≤250 | ≥250 | |
| Mamello | +20 | +30 | +20 | +3 |
Chrome Alloy Steel
Chromium alloy cast iron e arotsoe ka tšepe e phahameng ea chromium alloy cast iron (chromium content 8-26% carbon content 2.0-3.6%), medium chromium alloy cast iron (chromium content 4-6%, carbon content 2.0-3.2%), low chromium Mefuta e meraro ea alloy cast iron (litekanyetso tsa chromium 1-3%, litaba tsa carbon 2.1-3.6%). Tšobotsi ea eona e tsotehang ke hore microhardness ea M7C3 eutectic carbide ke HV1300-1800, e ajoang ka mokhoa oa marang-rang a robehileng le ho aroloa ho martensite (mohaho o thata ka ho fetisisa ka matrix a tšepe) matrix, ho fokotsa phello ea cleavage holim'a matrix. Ka hona, mohala o phahameng oa chromium alloy o na le matla a phahameng, ho tiea ha leloala la bolo, le khanyetso e phahameng ea ho apara, 'me ts'ebetso ea eona e emela boemo bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa ba lisebelisoa tsa morao-rao tsa tšepe.
Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale
| Lebitso | Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mong | Kr | Mo | Cu | P | S | |
| High Chrome Alloy Liner | 2.0-3.6 | 0-1.0 | 0-2.0 | 8-26 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
| Bohareng ba Alloy Line ea Chrome | 2.0-3.3 | 0-1.2 | 0-2.0 | 4-8 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
| Low Chrome Alloy Liner | 2.1-3.6 | 0-1.5 | 0-2.0 | 1-3 | 0-1.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
Thepa ea mochini le sebopeho sa metallographic
| Lebitso | Bokaholimo (HRC) Ak (J/cm2) | Microstructure | ||||
| High Chrome Alloy Liner | ≥58 | ≥3.5 | M+C+A | |||
| Bohareng ba Alloy Line ea Chrome | ≥48 | ≥10 | M+C | |||
| Low Chrome Alloy Liner | ≥45 | ≥15 | M+C+P | |||
| M-Martensite | C - Carbide | A-Austenite | P-Pearlite | |||
Tlhaloso ea lihlahisoa
| Boholo | Hole Dia.(mm) Bolelele ba Liner (mm) | |||
| ≤40 | ≥40 | ≤250 | ≥250 | |
| Mamello | +20 | +30 | +20 | +3 |
Cr-Mo Alloy Steel
H&G Machinery e sebelisa tšepe ea alloy ea Cr-Mo ho etsa liner. Thepa ena e ipapisitse le maemo a Australia, (AS2074 Standard L2B, le AS2074 Standard L2C) e fana ka tšusumetso e phahameng le ho hanyetsa ts'ebetso lits'ebetsong tsohle tsa semi-autogenous milling.
Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale
| Khoutu | Lintho tsa Lik'hemik'hale (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mong | Kr | Mo | Cu | P | S | |
| L2B | 0.6-0.9 | 0.4-0.7 | 0.6-1.0 | 1.8-2.1 | 0.2-0.4 | 0.3-0.5 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.06 |
| L2C | 0.3-0.45 | 0.4-0.7 | 1.3-1.6 | 2.5-3.2 | 0.6-0.8 | 0.3-0.5 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.06 |
Thepa ea 'Mele & Microstructure
| Khoutu | Ho thatafala (HB) | Ak (J/cm2) | Microstructure |
| L2B | 325-375 | ≥50 | P |
| L2C | 350-400 | ≥75 | M |
| M-Martensite, C-Carbide, A-Austenite, P-Pearlite | |||
Ni-hard Steel
Ni-Hard ke tšepe e entsoeng ka tšepe e tšoeu, e kopantsoeng ka nickel le chromium e loketseng tšusumetso e tlaase, e thellang bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse metsi le tse omeletseng. Ni-Hard ke thepa e sa senyeheng ka ho fetelletseng, e entsoeng ka libopeho le libopeho tse loketseng ho sebelisoa libakeng tse mahlahahlaha le tse apereng le lits'ebetso.
Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale
| Lebitso | C | Si | Mong | Ni | Kr | S | P | Mo | Ho thatafala |
| Ni-Hard AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 1-550 | 3.2-3.6 | 0.3-0.8 | 0.2-0.8 | 3.0-5.0 | 1.5-3.0 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.5 | 550-600HBN |
| Ni-Hard AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 2-550 | 2.8-3.2 | 0.3-0.8 | 0.2-0.8 | 3.0-5.0 | 1.5-3.0 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.5 | 500-550HBN |
| Ni-Hard AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 2-550 | 3.2-3.6 | 1.5-2.2 | 0.2-0.8 | 4.0-5.5 | 8.0-10.0 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.5 | 630-670HBN |
Tshipi e Tshweu
Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale
| Lebitso | Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale(%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mong | Kr | Mo | Cu | P | S | |
| Mohala o Mosoeu oa Tšepe | 2.0-3.3 | 0-0.8 | ≤2.0 | 12-26 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
Thepa ea 'Mele & Microstructure
| Lebitso | HRC | Ak(J/cm2) | Microstructure |
| Mohala o Mosoeu oa Tšepe | ≥58 | ≥3.5 | M+C+A |
| M-Martensite C- Carbide A-Austenite | |||
Haeba u na le lipotso tse khethehileng, ka kopo ikopanye le moenjiniere oa rona ho u sebeletsa!
Nick Sun [email protected]
Nako ea poso: Jun-12-2020