Ua hala ka mana o ka hao hao ma mua o $100 no ka mea, ua kūpono ka pilikia o ka lako me ka koi ikaika
Ua piʻi aʻe ka hao hao ma mua o $100/t no ka mea, ʻo ka pilikia o ka hoʻolako ʻana ma Pasila i hui pū me ka koi hoʻomau a paʻa i ka mea hana kila kiʻekiʻe ʻo Kina.
Ua piʻi nā kumukūʻai o Benchmark i $ 101.05 ma ka Pōʻalima ʻoiai ʻo Brazil, ka lua o ka mea kūʻai aku nui loa o ka honua, ʻike i ka piʻi ʻana o nā maʻi coronavirus, e hoʻopiʻi ana i nā hopohopo e hiki ai i ka maʻi maʻi ke kāohi i ka lako kūloko. I ʻApelila, ʻoki ʻo Miner Vale i kāna alakaʻi hoʻouna makahiki i ka wā ʻino a me ka hopena o ka maʻi i nā hana. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻomau ka emi ʻana o nā waihona o ka hao ma Kina.
Ua holomua ka ʻoihana ʻoihana i ka makahiki 2020 e like me ka maʻi maʻi coronavirus i hoʻopaʻa i ka hana ʻoihana i nā ʻoihana he nui, ʻoiai ʻo Bloomberg Intelligence kekahi o nā mea nānā e ʻōlelo ana e hiki ke piʻi ka mākeke i ke koena i ka hapa lua. Ma waho aʻe o Vale, e hoʻonui nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe i ka hoʻi ʻana ma BHP Group, Rio Tinto Group a me Fortescue Metals Group.
ʻO ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana o nā hana ʻoihana ma Kina ua hoʻoulu i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka hana o lalo a hoʻomau ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā wili kila i ka huahana, kākau ʻo China International Capital Corp. me Ma Kai i kahi leka.
"E mālama pono ka hao hao i ke koena paʻa i kēia makahiki," me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka lako mai ka hapaha ʻekolu, wahi a lākou.
Aia nā kumukūʻai kūʻai ʻo Benchmark ma ke kiʻekiʻe loa mai ʻAukake. ʻO ka wā e hiki mai ana ma Singapore ma $ 97, ke poʻo nei i kā lākou loaʻa kālā nui loa i kēlā me kēia mahina. Ma ka Dalian Commodity Exchange, ua hōʻuluʻulu ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka 23% i Mei.
Ua manaʻo ʻo Credit Suisse Group i kēia manawa aia ka mākeke i ka "peak tightness," kahi kūlana e mau paha a hiki i Iulai. Manaʻo ʻo Bloomberg Intelligence i kahi koena 34-miliona-toni i ka hapa ʻelua ma ka hoʻolako kiʻekiʻe a me ka stagnating koi, e hoʻohuli ana mai kahi deficit 25 miliona-toni i ka hapa mua. ʻO ia ke kau ʻana i kahi kikoʻī i ka paʻa ʻana o ke kumukūʻai.
"Ke mau nei nā kānalua" e pili ana i ka ikaika o ka hui ʻana i nā mahina e hiki mai ana, wahi a Hui Heng Tan, ka mea loiloi ma Marex Spectron Group. Manaʻo ʻia ka ʻohi ʻana i ka lako ma Australia a me Brazil e hōʻiliʻili i ka wikiwiki, ʻoiai ʻo ka haunaele i ka ʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika Hema e lilo i kumu e nānā ai i ka hapa lua, wahi āna. Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēlā piʻi ʻana o ka nui me ka wā i haʻalele ai ʻo Kina i kāna manawa kūkulu kiʻekiʻe me nā waihona kila kiʻekiʻe, wahi āna.
Ke Koho Mea Pili Paa Poepoe
ʻO nā mea i ʻoki ʻia, nā kūlana hana ʻokoʻa e pono ai nā liner material e kūpono. Eia kekahi, ʻo ke keʻena wili liʻiliʻi a me ka ʻāpana wili maikaʻi e pono ai i nā mea liner ʻokoʻa.
H&G Machinery i kēia mau mea e hoʻolei ai i kāu liner wili pōlele:
hao Manganese
He 11-14% ka nui o ka manganese o ka mea kila manganese kiʻekiʻe he 11-14%, a he 0.90-1.50% ka nui o ke kalapona, ʻoi aku ka nui ma luna o 1.0%. Ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hiki i ka paʻakikī ke hiki i HB300-400. Ma nā haʻahaʻa hopena kiʻekiʻe, hiki i ka paʻakikī ke hiki i HB500-800. Ma muli o ke kaumaha o ka hopena, hiki i ka hohonu o ka papa paʻakikī ke hiki i 10-20mm. Hiki i ka papa paʻakikī me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe ke pale aku i ka hopena a hoʻemi i ka lole abrasive. Loaʻa i ke kila manganese kiʻekiʻe ka hana anti-wear maikaʻi ma lalo o ke kūlana o ka ʻaʻahu abrasive hopena ikaika, no laila hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā ʻāpana pale ʻaʻahu o ka mining, nā mea hana, ka mana wela, a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe. Ma lalo o nā kūlana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole hiki i ke kila manganese kiʻekiʻe ke hana i nā ʻano o ka mea no ka mea ʻaʻole maopopo ka hopena paʻakikī o ka hana.
Hoʻohui Kimia
| Inoa | Ka Hui Kemika（%） | |||||||
| C | ʻO Si | ʻO Mn | Cr | Mo | Cu | P | S | |
| Mn14 Mill Liner | 0.9-1.5 | 0.3-1.0 | 11-14 | 0-2.5 | 0-0.5 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
| Mn18 Mill Liner | 1.0-1.5 | 0.3-1.0 | 16-19 | 0-2.5 | 0-0.5 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
Mechanical waiwai a me metallographic hana
| Inoa | ʻO ka ʻili paʻakikī（HB） | Waiwai hopena Ak（J/cm2） | Microstructure |
| Mn14 Mill Liner | ≤240 | ≥100 | A+C |
| Mn18 Mill Liner | ≤260 | ≥150 | A+C |
| C -Carbide | Carbide A-austenite paʻa | Austenite | |||
Hōʻike huahana
| Nui | Hole Dia.（mm） | Ka lōʻihi o ka laina （mm） | ||
| ≤40 | ≥40 | ≤250 | ≥250 | |
| Hoʻomanawanui | +20 | +30 | +2 | +3 |
Ke kila kila Chrome
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hao hao chromium kiʻekiʻe (chromium content 8-26% carbon content 2.0-3.6%), medium chromium alloy cast iron (chromium content 4-6%, carbon content 2.0-3.2%), haʻahaʻa chromium ʻEkolu mau ʻano o ka hao i hoʻolei ʻia (chromium content 1-3%, carbon content 2.1-3.6%). ʻO kāna hiʻohiʻona kupaianaha ʻo ka microhardness o ka M7C3 eutectic carbide ʻo HV1300-1800, ka mea i puʻunaue ʻia ma ke ʻano o kahi pūnaewele haʻihaʻi a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma ka martensite (ke ʻano paʻakikī o ka matrix metal), e hōʻemi ana i ka hopena cleavage ma ka matrix. No laila, ʻo ka liner kiʻekiʻe-chromium alloy he ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka wili pōleʻa, a me ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo kāna hana ke hōʻike nei i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā mea ʻaʻahu metala o kēia manawa.
Hoʻohui Kimia
| Inoa | Ka Hui Kemika（%） | |||||||
| C | ʻO Si | ʻO Mn | Cr | Mo | Cu | P | S | |
| Laina Alloy Chrome kiʻekiʻe | 2.0-3.6 | 0-1.0 | 0-2.0 | 8-26 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
| Laina Alloy Chrome Waena | 2.0-3.3 | 0-1.2 | 0-2.0 | 4-8 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
| Laina Alloy Chrome Haahaa | 2.1-3.6 | 0-1.5 | 0-2.0 | 1-3 | 0-1.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
Mechanical waiwai a me metallographic hana
| Inoa | Ili（HRC） Ak（J/cm2） | Microstructure | ||||
| Laina Alloy Chrome kiʻekiʻe | ≥58 | ≥3.5 | M+C+A | |||
| Laina Alloy Chrome Waena | ≥48 | ≥10 | M+C | |||
| Laina Alloy Chrome Haahaa | ≥45 | ≥15 | M+C+P | |||
| M- Martensite | C – Carbide | A-Austenite | P-Pearlite | |||
Hōʻike huahana
| Nui | Hole Dia.（mm） Liner Length（mm） | |||
| ≤40 | ≥40 | ≤250 | ≥250 | |
| Hoʻomanawanui | +20 | +30 | +2 | +3 |
Cr-Mo Alloy Steel
Hoʻohana ʻo H&G Machinery i ke kila kila Cr-Mo e hoʻolei i ka liner wili pōpō. ʻO kēia mea i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka maʻamau o Australia, (AS2074 Standard L2B, a me AS2074 Standard L2C) hāʻawi ia i ka hopena maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i nā noi wili semi-autogenous āpau.
Hoʻohui Kimia
| Code | Nā ʻElemu Kemika（%） | |||||||
| C | ʻO Si | ʻO Mn | Cr | Mo | Cu | P | S | |
| L2B | 0.6-0.9 | 0.4-0.7 | 0.6-1.0 | 1.8-2.1 | 0.2-0.4 | 0.3-0.5 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.06 |
| L2C | 0.3-0.45 | 0.4-0.7 | 1.3-1.6 | 2.5-3.2 | 0.6-0.8 | 0.3-0.5 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.06 |
Waiwai Kino a me Microstructure
| Code | Paʻakikī（HB） | Ak（J/cm2） | Microstructure |
| L2B | 325-375 | ≥50 | P |
| L2C | 350-400 | ≥75 | M |
| M-Martensite, C-Carbide, A-Austenite, P-Pearlite | |||
Ni-paʻa kila
He hao keʻokeʻo ʻo Ni-Hard, i hoʻohui ʻia me ka nickel a me ka chromium kūpono no ka hopena haʻahaʻa, sliding abrasion no nā noi ʻelua a maloʻo. ʻO Ni-Hard kahi mea ʻaʻahu kūʻokoʻa loa, i hoʻolei ʻia i nā ʻano a me nā ʻano kūpono no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaiapuni abrasive a me nā noi.
Hoʻohui Kimia
| Inoa | C | ʻO Si | ʻO Mn | Ni | Cr | S | P | Mo | ʻoʻoleʻa |
| Ni-Hard AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 1-550 | 3.2-3.6 | 0.3-0.8 | 0.2-0.8 | 3.0-5.0 | 1.5-3.0 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.5 | 550-600HBN |
| Ni-Hard AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 2-550 | 2.8-3.2 | 0.3-0.8 | 0.2-0.8 | 3.0-5.0 | 1.5-3.0 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.5 | 500-550HBN |
| Ni-Hard AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 2-550 | 3.2-3.6 | 1.5-2.2 | 0.2-0.8 | 4.0-5.5 | 8.0-10.0 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.5 | 630-670HBN |
Hao Hao Keokeo
Hoʻohui Kimia
| Inoa | Ka Hui Kemika(%) | |||||||
| C | ʻO Si | ʻO Mn | Cr | Mo | Cu | P | S | |
| Laina Hao Hao Keokeo | 2.0-3.3 | 0-0.8 | ≤2.0 | 12-26 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
Waiwai Kino a me Microstructure
| Inoa | HRC | Ak(J/cm2) | Microstructure |
| Laina Hao Hao Keokeo | ≥58 | ≥3.5 | M+C+A |
| M-Martensite C- Carbide A-Austenite | |||
Inā he nīnau nīnau kūikawā kāu, e ʻoluʻolu e kelepona i kā mākou ʻenekinia e lawelawe iā ʻoe!
Nick Sun [email protected]
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-19-2020