Mba ọla kọpa kacha ukwuu nwere nchekwube maka mgbasa ozi na-agbasi ike
A na-eji ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala ọnụ ahịa na-ekpu ndị ahịa ọla kọpa ugbu a - site na ijeri $ 1 puku ijeri US na-emefu akụrụngwa US ruo na ebili mmiri nke abụọ nke Covid-19 na China. Maka onye na-amụ amụma nke Chile, nkwuputa a na-akpachapụ anya.
Ọnụ ahịa nwere ike karịa $2.50 otu paụnd n'afọ a, ka Marco Riveros, onye isi ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị Cochilco kwuru. Ka ọ dị ugbu a n'afọ a, nkezi dị n'okpuru ọkwa ahụ.
Site na nkwado nke mgbake na Europe na atụmatụ akụrụngwa Onye isi ala Trump, enwere ihe mkpali maka ogbunigwe Chile ka ọ gaa n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na nso ọkwa ikike, Riveros kwuru na N'ajụjụ ọnụ Tuesday.
N'ime obodo mepụtara nde tọn 5.8 nke ọla uhie n'afọ gara aga, mmebi nke Covid-19 nwere ike na-eri ihe dị ka tọn 75,000 ma ọ bụ ihe ruru tọn 400,000, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ kwuru. Ebe n'etiti oke ahụ, ihe dị ka tọn 200,000, ga-abụ atụmanya ezi uche dị na ya, o kwuru.
Ọtụtụ mgbanwe na-eme ka amụma oge dị mkpirikpi sie ike. Companieslọ ọrụ na-agbanwegharị atụmatụ ngwuputa ha mgbe niile ka ha na-achụso uru nrụpụta ebe ha na-arụ ọrụ na obere ọrụ. Ka ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ na-arịa ọrịa, ndị otu Chile na-akpọ maka ịmachi ọrụ.
Ọ bụ ezie na ahụike kwesịrị ịbụ ihe kacha mkpa na ụfọdụ ogbunigwe nwere ike ịgbalịsi ike ịnọgide na-arụpụta ihe, ọhụụ Cochilco bụ ka a na-ele ụlọ ọrụ ahụ anya na nchekwube, Riveros kwuru.
"Ọkachasị na Chile, Ngwuputa na-enwekarị ikike ịkwalite mmepe akụ na ụba, na nke a, mgbake akụ na ụba na-aga n'ihu," ka o kwuru.
N'ịkwado iwelata esemokwu ọrụ yana mee ka ogbunigwe na-aga n'ihu, gọọmentị na-arụ ọrụ n'ụzọ iji meziwanye nghọta Covid-19.
Mịnịsta na-egwupụta akụ na ụba Baldo Prokurica na-eleba anya na-ekesa data ọrịa sitere n'aka ndị ọrụ ahụike mpaghara, ọ bụghị naanị site na ụlọ ọrụ. Gọọmentị nwekwara ike kọwapụta nsonaazụ nyocha nke ọma ka ogbunigwe si agbaso usoro ọgụ ọgụ, o kwuru na N'ajụjụ ọnụ Mọnde.
N'adịghị ka ndị agbata obi Peru, Chile ahọrọla ịga n'ihu na-egwupụta akụ ka nje ahụ metụtara, na-emejuputa usoro nchekwa na imebi ndị ọrụ na-adịghị mkpa na-achụghị ọtụtụ mmepụta. Maka Prokurica, ọ bụ omume na-edozi ahụ nke na-eme ka ndị ọrụ nwee ahụike yana ego ha na-enweta na mbupụ chọrọ nke ukwuu.
O kwuru, "Anyị ga-eme ihe niile n'ike anyị ka obodo ahụ wee kwenye ndị ọrụ ọrụ ha, ma n'otu oge ahụ na-aga n'ihu, na-echekwa ahụike na nchekwa nke ndị ọrụ anyị."
Esemokwu bilitere n'izu gara aga ka onye ọrụ n'ụlọ ọrụ ogbunigwe Codelco's Chuquicamata nke steeti nwechara n'ihi ọrịa ahụ. Onye ozi ahụ zipụrụ ndị ọrụ nyocha ọzọ ka ha nyochaa ọnọdụ ogbunigwe, yana nyocha 1,600 mere ka ọ dị ugbu a.
Na ngwụcha izu ụka, otu asaa na-anọchite anya ndị ọrụ na ndị ọrụ ngo nyere oku ka gọọmentị tụleghachi ọrụ ngwuputa na-aga n'ihu. Na ngwụcha Tuzdee, Federation of Copper Workers kwuru na anabataghị ndị isi otu ka ha banye na ogbunigwe Chuquicamata iji nyochaa nnabata protocol n'ihe atụ kachasị ọhụrụ nke “omume mpako” njikwa.
Prokurica kwuru na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-eme ihe pụrụ iche iji chebe ndị ọrụ, gụnyere nnwale, ịpụpụ na imebi ihe dị ka ọkara nke ndị ọrụ niile. Ọ bụ ezie na ọrịa na-arị elu na mba ahụ, ogbunigwe emewo nke ọma karịa ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ, ebe naanị 0.5% nke ndị ọrụ na-arịa ọrịa, o kwuru.
Prokurica kwuru, "Enweghị ụkpụrụ nkịtị na ụlọ ọrụ ọla kọpa ugbu a." "Anyị nọ n'oge ọrịa na-efe efe kacha sie ike na Chile."
Nhọrọ ihe eji eme Ball Mill Liner
Ihe dị iche iche agbajiri agbaji, ọnọdụ ọrụ dị iche iche chọrọ ihe mkpuchi ihe dị iche iche dabara adaba. Ọzọkwa, ebe a na-egweri ahịhịa na ebe a na-egwe nri dị mma chọrọ liners dị iche iche.
H&G Machinery na-enye ihe ndị a iji tụba igwe igwe igwe bọọlụ gị:
Manganese ígwè
Ọdịnaya manganese nke nnukwu manganese ígwè igwe igwe igwe ihe igwe ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ 11-14%, ọdịnaya carbon na-abụkarị 0.90-1.50%, ọtụtụ n'ime ha karịrị 1.0%. Na ibu mmetụta dị ala, ike ike nwere ike iru HB300-400. Na oke mmetụta dị elu, ike ike nwere ike iru HB500-800. Dabere na ibu mmetụta, omimi nke oyi akwa siri ike nwere ike iru 10-20mm. Ngwunye siri ike nke nwere ike dị elu nwere ike iguzogide mmetụta ma belata ihe mgbochi. Ngwongwo manganese dị elu nwere arụmọrụ mgbochi na-eyi nke ọma n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke mmetụta siri ike na-eyi abrasive, ya mere a na-ejikarị ya na akụkụ ndị na-eguzogide oyi nke Ngwuputa, ihe owuwu, ike ọkụ, na ngwá ọrụ ndị ọzọ. N'okpuru ọnọdụ nke ọnọdụ mmetụta dị ala, ígwè manganese dị elu enweghị ike ịmepụta àgwà nke ihe ahụ n'ihi na ọrụ siri ike na-arụ ọrụ abụghị ihe doro anya.
Ngwakọta kemịkalụ
| Aha | Ngwakọta kemịkalụ (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Ku | P | S | |
| Mn14 Mill Liner | 0.9-1.5 | 0.3-1.0 | 11-14 | 0-2.5 | 0-0.5 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
| Mn18 Mill Liner | 1.0-1.5 | 0.3-1.0 | 16-19 | 0-2.5 | 0-0.5 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
Mechanical Njirimara na metallographic Ọdịdị
| Aha | Ịdị ike n'elu ala (HB) | Ọnụ ahịa mmetụta Ak (J/cm2) | Microstructure |
| Mn14 Mill Liner | ≤240 | ≥100 | A+C |
| Mn18 Mill Liner | ≤260 | ≥150 | A+C |
| C -Carbide | Carbide A-ejigide austenite | Austenite | |||
Nkọwapụta ngwaahịa
| Nha | Hole Dia (mm) | Ogologo ogologo (mm) | ||
| ≤40 | ≥40 | ≤250 | ≥250 | |
| Ndidi | +20 | +30 | +20 | + |
Chrome Alloy Steel
Chromium alloy nkedo ígwè na-ekewa n'ime nnukwu chromium alloy cast iron (chromium ọdịnaya 8-26% carbon ọdịnaya 2.0-3.6%), ọkara chromium alloy cast iron (chromium ọdịnaya 4-6%, carbon ọdịnaya 2.0-3.2%), obere chromium. Ụdị ígwè nkedo alloy atọ (ọdịnaya chromium 1-3%, ọdịnaya carbon 2.1-3.6%). Akụkụ ya dị ịrịba ama bụ na microhardness nke M7C3 eutectic carbide bụ HV1300-1800, nke a na-ekesa n'ụdị netwọk gbajiri agbaji ma dịpụrụ adịpụ na martensite (ihe owuwu kachasị sie ike na matrix metal) matriks, na-ebelata mmetụta nkwụsị na matriks. Ya mere, akwa akwa chromium alloy liner nwere ike dị elu, ihe igwe igwe na-esi ike, na nkwụsi ike dị elu, na arụmọrụ ya na-anọchite anya ọkwa kachasị elu nke ihe ndị na-eguzogide ígwè ugbu a.
Ngwakọta kemịkalụ
| Aha | Ngwakọta kemịkalụ (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Ku | P | S | |
| High Chrome Alloy Liner | 2.0-3.6 | 0-1.0 | 0-2.0 | 8-26 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
| Middle Chrome Alloy Liner | 2.0-3.3 | 0-1.2 | 0-2.0 | 4-8 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
| Obere chrome Alloy Liner | 2.1-3.6 | 0-1.5 | 0-2.0 | 1-3 | 0-1.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
Mechanical Njirimara na metallographic Ọdịdị
| Aha | Elu (HRC) Ak (J/cm2) | Microstructure | ||||
| High Chrome Alloy Liner | ≥58 | ≥3.5 | M+C+A | |||
| Middle Chrome Alloy Liner | ≥48 | ≥10 | M+C | |||
| Obere chrome Alloy Liner | ≥45 | ≥15 | M+C+P | |||
| M-Martensite | C - Carbide | A-Austenite | P-Pearlite | |||
Nkọwapụta ngwaahịa
| Nha | Hole Dia.(mm) Ogologo ogologo (mm) | |||
| ≤40 | ≥40 | ≤250 | ≥250 | |
| Ndidi | +20 | +30 | +20 | + |
Cr-Mo Alloy Steel
H&G Machinery na-eji Cr-Mo alloy steel tụọ bọọlụ igwe ihe. Ihe a dabere na ọkọlọtọ Australia, (AS2074 Standard L2B, na AS2074 Standard L2C) ọ na-enye mmetụta dị elu ma na-eyi nguzogide na ngwa igwe igwe ihe niile.
Ngwakọta kemịkalụ
| Koodu | Ngwakọta kemịkalụ (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Ku | P | S | |
| L2B | 0.6-0.9 | 0.4-0.7 | 0.6-1.0 | 1.8-2.1 | 0.2-0.4 | 0.3-0.5 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.06 |
| L2C | 0.3-0.45 | 0.4-0.7 | 1.3-1.6 | 2.5-3.2 | 0.6-0.8 | 0.3-0.5 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.06 |
Ngwongwo anụ ahụ & Microstructure
| Koodu | Isi ike (HB) | Ak (J/cm2) | Microstructure |
| L2B | 325-375 | ≥50 | P |
| L2C | 350-400 | ≥75 | M |
| M-Martensite, C-Carbide, A-Austenite, P-Pearlite | |||
Ni-hard Steel
Ni-Hard bụ ígwè nkedo na-acha ọcha, nke nwere nickel na chromium dabara adaba maka mmetụta dị ala, abrasion na-amị amị maka ma mmiri mmiri na ngwa akọrọ. Ni-Hard bụ ihe na-egbochi ike eyi nke ukwuu, nke a na-atụba n'ụdị na ụdị nke dị mma maka ojiji na gburugburu ebe obibi na ngwa ngwa.
Ngwakọta kemịkalụ
| Aha | C | Si | Mn | Ni | Cr | S | P | Mo | Isi ike |
| Ni-Hard AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 1-550 | 3.2-3.6 | 0.3-0.8 | 0.2-0.8 | 3.0-5.0 | 1.5-3.0 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.5 | 550-600HBN |
| Ni-Hard AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 2-550 | 2.8-3.2 | 0.3-0.8 | 0.2-0.8 | 3.0-5.0 | 1.5-3.0 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.5 | 500-550HBN |
| Ni-Hard AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 2-550 | 3.2-3.6 | 1.5-2.2 | 0.2-0.8 | 4.0-5.5 | 8.0-10.0 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.5 | 630-670HBN |
Igwe Ọcha ọcha
Ngwakọta kemịkalụ
| Aha | Ngwakọta kemịkalụ(%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Ku | P | S | |
| White Iron Steel Liner | 2.0-3.3 | 0-0.8 | ≤2.0 | 12-26 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
Ngwongwo anụ ahụ & Microstructure
| Aha | HRC | Ak (J/cm2) | Microstructure |
| White Iron Steel Liner | ≥58 | ≥3.5 | M+C+A |
| M-Martensite C- Carbide A-Austenite | |||
Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ajụjụ ihe onwunwe pụrụ iche, biko kpọtụrụ onye injinia anyị ka o nyere gị aka!
Nick Sun [email protected]
Oge nzipu: Jun-19-2020