O le malo tele apamemea o lo'o i ai se fa'amoemoe lelei i le fa'agasolo o tala fou
O loʻo osofaʻia e le aufaioloa kopa i le taimi nei e ono tau avetaʻavale - mai le $ 1 trillion i US aseta faʻaalu i le galu lona lua o Covid-19 i Saina. Mo le fa'aaliga aloa'ia a Chile, o le fa'ai'uga e fa'amoemoe lelei.
O tau atonu o le a sili atu i le $2.50 i le pauna i lenei tausaga, e tusa ai ma Marco Riveros, o le faauluuluga o le lala sooupu a le malo Cochilco. E oo mai i lenei tausaga, o le averesi ua i lalo ifo lava o lea tulaga.
Faatasi ai ma manaoga o loʻo lagolagoina e le toe faʻaleleia i Europa ma le fuafuaga a le Peresetene Trump, o loʻo i ai le faʻamalosia mo maina a Chile e faʻaauau pea ona faʻagaioia i tulaga lata mai, o le tala lea a Riveros i se faatalanoaga i le Aso Lua.
I totonu o se atunuʻu na gaosia le 5.8 miliona tone o le uʻamea mumu i le tausaga talu ai, o faʻalavelave Covid-19 e mafai ona tau pe a ma le 75,000 tone poʻo le 400,000 tone, o le tala lea a le lala sooupu. I se mea i le ogatotonu o lena tulaga, e tusa ma le 200,000 tone, o le a avea ma se faʻamoemoe talafeagai, o lana tala lea.
O le tele o fesuiaiga e faigata ai valo'aga sa'o mo taimi pupuu. Kamupani o loʻo faʻafouina pea a latou fuafuaga eli aʻo latou tulituliloa tupe maua aʻo faʻaogaina ma faʻaititia le aufaigaluega. A o toʻatele tagata faigaluega ua mamaʻi, ua valaʻau iuni Chile mo le faʻatapulaʻaina o galuega.
E ui o le soifua maloloina e tatau ona avea ma faamuamua maualuga ma o nisi maina e ono tauivi e faatumauina le gaosiga, o le vaaiga mamao a Cochilco mo le alamanuia ia vaʻaia ma le faʻamoemoe, o le tala lea a Riveros.
"Aemaise lava i Chile, o le mining e masani lava ona i ai le malosi e tuleia ai le atinaʻeina o le tamaoaiga, ma i lenei tulaga, toe faʻaleleia le tamaoaiga," o lana tala lea.
I se taumafaiga e faʻamalieina le vevesi o tagata faigaluega ma faʻaauau pea maina, o loʻo galue le malo i auala e faʻaleleia ai le faʻamalamalamaina o le Covid-19.
O loʻo vaʻavaʻai le Minisita o Mining Baldo Prokurica i le faʻasalalauina o faʻamatalaga faʻamaʻi mai pulega o le soifua maloloina i le lotoifale, nai lo na o kamupani. E mafai foʻi e le malo ona lipotia faʻaiʻuga o suʻega i le lelei o maina o loʻo tausisia faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi, o lana tala lea i se faatalanoaga i le Aso Gafua.
E ese mai ai ma Peru tuaoi, Chile na filifili e faʻaauauina le maina aʻo aʻafia le siama, faʻatino faiga saogalemu ma faʻateʻaina le aufaigaluega e le taua e aunoa ma le ositaulagaina o le tele o galuega. Mo Prokurica, o se faiga faapaleni o le tausia o tagata faigaluega soifua maloloina ma o loʻo manaʻomia tele tupe maua mai fafo o loʻo tafe.
"O le a matou faia mea uma i lo matou gafatia ina ia mafai e le atunuʻu ona faʻamautinoa tagata faigaluega o latou galuega, ma i le taimi lava e tasi e faʻaauau, aʻo puipuia le soifua maloloina ma le saogalemu o matou tagata faigaluega," o lana tala lea.
Na faatupulaia le vevesi i le vaiaso talu ai ina ua maliu se tagata faigaluega i le Codelco's Chuquicamata mine a le malo i le faamaʻi. Na auina atu e le faifeau nisi tagata asiasi e mataʻituina le tulaga i maina, ma 1,600 iloiloga na faia i le taimi nei.
I le faaiuga o le vaiaso, e fitu vaega o loo fai ma sui o tagata faigaluega ma konekarate na tuuina atu se valaau mo le malo ina ia toe iloilo le faaauauina o galuega eliina. I le faaiuga o le Aso Lua, na taʻua ai e le Federation of Copper Workers e leʻi faʻatagaina taʻitaʻi iuni e ulufale atu i le Chuquicamata mine e asiasia le tausisia o tulafono i le faʻataʻitaʻiga lata mai o le "amio faʻamaualuga" a le pulega.
Fai mai Prokurica, o loʻo faia e le alamanuia ni faiga faʻapitoa e puipuia ai le aufaigaluega, e aofia ai le suʻega, tuʻumamao ma le faʻaleagaina e tusa ma le afa o le aofaʻi o tagata faigaluega. A o faʻateleina faʻamaʻi pipisi i totonu o le atunuʻu, ua sili atu le lelei o le maina nai lo isi pisinisi, ma naʻo le 0.5% o le aufaigaluega ua mamaʻi, o lana tala lea.
"E leai se tulaga masani i le pisinisi kopa i le taimi nei," o le tala lea a Prokurica. "Ua matou i ai i le vaega sili ona faigata o le faʻamaʻi i Chile."
Polo Mill Liner Mea Filifilia
Eseese mea nutimomoia, tulaga faigaluega eseese e manaomia liners mea eseese e fetaui. E le gata i lea, e mana'omia e le vaega e olo ai ma'ale'ale ma mea e olo lelei ai.
H&G Machinery ma le tele o tagata gaosi oloa fa'atau. e tu'uina atu mea nei e lafo ai lau ili polo:
Uamea Manganese
O le manganese o loʻo i totonu o le paʻu uʻamea uʻamea uʻamea maualuga manganese e masani ona 11-14%, ma o le carbon content e masani lava 0.90-1.50%, o le tele o ia mea e sili atu i le 1.0%. I uta maualalo a'afiaga, o le maaa e mafai ona o'o i le HB300-400. I le maualuga o aʻafiaga o uta, o le maʻaʻa e mafai ona oʻo i le HB500-800. Faʻalagolago i le mamafa o le aʻafiaga, o le loloto o le faʻamaʻaʻaina e mafai ona oʻo i le 10-20mm. O le mea fa'ama'a'a ma le ma'a'a maualuga e mafai ona tete'eina le a'afiaga ma fa'aitiitia le ofuina abrasive. O le uʻamea maualuga o le manganese o loʻo i ai le lelei tele o le faʻaogaina o le faʻaogaina i lalo o le tulaga o le malosi o le aʻafiaga o le ofuina o le abrasive, o lea e masani ona faʻaaogaina i vaega faʻafefeteina o le mining, mea faufale, mana vevela, ma isi masini masini. I lalo o tulaga o tulaga maualalo aʻafiaga, maualuga manganese sila e le mafai ona faʻaaogaina uiga o meafaitino ona o le faʻamalosia o galuega e le o manino.
Fa'asu'esu'ega o vaila'au
| Igoa | Fa'ainumera Fa'ainumera（%） | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Cu | P | S | |
| Mn14 Mill Line | 0.9-1.5 | 0.3-1.0 | 11-14 | 0-2.5 | 0-0.5 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
| Mn18 Mill Line | 1.0-1.5 | 0.3-1.0 | 16-19 | 0-2.5 | 0-0.5 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
Mea tau masini ma fausaga metallographic
| Igoa | Malosi i luga (HB) | A'afiaga tau Ak（J/cm2） | Microstructure |
| Mn14 Mill Line | ≤240 | ≥100 | A+C |
| Mn18 Mill Line | ≤260 | ≥150 | A+C |
| C -Carbide | Carbide A-Taumau austenite | Austenite | |||
Fa'amatalaga o oloa
| Tele | Pu Dia.(mm) | Umi ole La'au (mm) | ||
| ≤40 | ≥40 | ≤250 | ≥250 | |
| Onosa'i | +20 | +30 | +2 | +3 |
Uamea Alu Chrome
Ua vaevaeina u'amea u'amea chromium i u'amea lafo u'amea chromium maualuga (anotusi chromium 8-26% anotusi carbon 2.0-3.6%), u'amea lafo u'amea chromium (anotusi chromium 4-6%, anotusi carbon 2.0-3.2%), chromium maualalo E tolu ituaiga o u'amea lafo (chromium content 1-3%, carbon content 2.1-3.6%). O lona uiga ofoofogia o le microhardness o le M7C3 eutectic carbide o le HV1300-1800, lea e tufatufa atu i le tulaga o se fesoʻotaʻiga malepelepe ma vavae ese i luga o le martensite (le fausaga sili ona faigata i le matrix uʻamea) matrix, faʻaitiitia ai le aafiaga cleavage i le matrix. O le mea lea, o le maualuga-chromium alloy liner e maualuga le malosi, polo mill malosi, ma le maualuga o le ofuina o laei, ma o lona faʻatinoga o loʻo faʻatusalia ai le maualuga maualuga o mea faʻaofuofu o loʻo iai nei.
Fa'asu'esu'ega o vaila'au
| Igoa | Fa'ainumera Fa'ainumera（%） | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Cu | P | S | |
| High Chrome Alloy Liner | 2.0-3.6 | 0-1.0 | 0-2.0 | 8-26 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
| Va'aiga Alu'a'i Chrome ogatotonu | 2.0-3.3 | 0-1.2 | 0-2.0 | 4-8 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
| Laina La'au Alu Chrome Maulalo | 2.1-3.6 | 0-1.5 | 0-2.0 | 1-3 | 0-1.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
Mea tau masini ma fausaga metallographic
| Igoa | Laufanua（HRC） Ak（J/cm2） | Microstructure | ||||
| High Chrome Alloy Liner | ≥58 | ≥3.5 | M+C+A | |||
| Va'aiga Alu'a'i Chrome ogatotonu | ≥48 | ≥10 | M+C | |||
| Laina La'au Alu Chrome Maulalo | ≥45 | ≥15 | M+C+P | |||
| M- Martensite | C – Carbide | A-Austenite | P-Penina | |||
Fa'amatalaga o oloa
| Tele | Pu Dia.（mm） Line Umi（mm） | |||
| ≤40 | ≥40 | ≤250 | ≥250 | |
| Onosa'i | +20 | +30 | +2 | +3 |
Cr-Mo Alloy Steel
E fa'aogaina e le H&G Machinery le u'amea u'amea Cr-Mo e fa'asolo ai ili polo. O mea nei e fa'avae i luga o tulaga fa'ata'ita'i a Ausetalia, (AS2074 Standard L2B, ma le AS2074 Standard L2C) e maua ai le a'afiaga sili atu ma le fa'aogaina o le ofuina i totonu o fa'aoga semi-autogenous uma.
Fa'asu'esu'ega o vaila'au
| Code | Vailaau Fa'ainisinia（%） | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Cu | P | S | |
| L2B | 0.6-0.9 | 0.4-0.7 | 0.6-1.0 | 1.8-2.1 | 0.2-0.4 | 0.3-0.5 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.06 |
| L2C | 0.3-0.45 | 0.4-0.7 | 1.3-1.6 | 2.5-3.2 | 0.6-0.8 | 0.3-0.5 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.06 |
Meatotino Fa'aletino & Fa'atonuga
| Code | Malosi（HB） | Ak（J/cm2） | Microstructure |
| L2B | 325-375 | ≥50 | P |
| L2C | 350-400 | ≥75 | M |
| M-Martensite, C-Carbide, A-Austenite, P-Pearlite | |||
Ni-malo uamea
O le Ni-Hard o se u'amea pa'epa'e, fa'afefiloi ma le nickel ma le chromium e talafeagai mo le maualalo o a'afiaga, fa'ase'e abrasion mo fa'aoga susu ma mago. O le Ni-Hard ose mea e sili ona fa'alavalava, lafo i fomu ma foliga e fetaui lelei mo le fa'aoga i si'osi'omaga ma fa'aoga.
Fa'asu'esu'ega o vaila'au
| Igoa | C | Si | Mn | Ni | Cr | S | P | Mo | Malosi |
| Ni-Maua AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 1-550 | 3.2-3.6 | 0.3-0.8 | 0.2-0.8 | 3.0-5.0 | 1.5-3.0 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.5 | 550-600HBN |
| Ni-Maua AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 2-550 | 2.8-3.2 | 0.3-0.8 | 0.2-0.8 | 3.0-5.0 | 1.5-3.0 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.5 | 500-550HBN |
| Ni-Maua AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 2-550 | 3.2-3.6 | 1.5-2.2 | 0.2-0.8 | 4.0-5.5 | 8.0-10.0 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.5 | 630-670HBN |
Uamea Uamea Pa'epa'e
Fa'asu'esu'ega o vaila'au
| Igoa | Tulaga Fa'aisi (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Cu | P | S | |
| Laina Uamea Pa'epa'e | 2.0-3.3 | 0-0.8 | ≤2.0 | 12-26 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
Meatotino Fa'aletino & Fa'atonuga
| Igoa | HRC | Ak(J/cm2) | Microstructure |
| Laina Uamea Pa'epa'e | ≥58 | ≥3.5 | M+C+A |
| M-Martensite C- Carbide A-Austenite | |||
Afai ei ai sau su'esu'ega fa'apitoa, fa'amolemole fa'afeso'ota'i le matou inisinia e tautuaina oe!
Nick Sun [email protected]
Taimi meli: Iuni-19-2020