Dziko lalikulu kwambiri la mkuwa lili ndi chiyembekezo pa nkhani zotakataka
Ochita malonda amkuwa akuwumbidwa ndi oyendetsa mitengo omwe angakhalepo pakali pano - kuchokera pa $ 1 thililiyoni pakugwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga ku US kupita ku funde lachiwiri la Covid-19 ku China. Kwa wolosera zam'tsogolo ku Chile, zomwe zachitikazi ndi zabwino kwambiri.
Mitengo mwina ipitilira $2.50 paundi chaka chino, malinga ndi Marco Riveros, yemwe ndi wamkulu wa bungwe la boma Cochilco. Mpaka pano chaka chino, avareji yakhala yocheperapo pamenepo.
Ndi kufunikira kothandizidwa ndi kuchira ku Europe komanso malingaliro a Purezidenti Trump, pali zolimbikitsa kuti migodi yaku Chile ipitilize kugwira ntchito moyandikira kwambiri, Riveros adatero poyankhulana Lachiwiri.
M'dziko lomwe latulutsa matani 5.8 miliyoni azitsulo zofiira chaka chatha, kusokonezeka kwa Covid-19 kumatha kuwononga matani 75,000 kapena matani 400,000, bungweli lidatero. Kwinakwake pakati pawo, pafupifupi matani 200,000, kungakhale kuyembekezera koyenera, adatero.
Zosintha zambiri zimapangitsa kuneneratu kwakanthawi kochepa kukhala kovuta. Makampani nthawi zonse amasintha mapulani awo amigodi pamene akuthamangitsa zokolola pamene akugwira ntchito ndi anthu ochepa. Pomwe ogwira ntchito ambiri akudwala, mabungwe aku Chile akufuna kuti ntchito zichepetse.
Ngakhale kuti thanzi liyenera kukhala lofunika kwambiri ndipo migodi ina ingavutike kuti ipititse patsogolo ntchito, masomphenya a Cochilco ndikuti makampani aziwoneka ndi chiyembekezo, Riveros adati.
"Makamaka ku Chile, migodi nthawi zonse imakhala ndi mphamvu yopititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha zachuma, ndipo pamenepa, kubwezeretsa chuma patsogolo," adatero.
Pofuna kuthetsa mikangano ya ogwira ntchito komanso kuti migodi igwire bwino ntchito, boma likuyesetsa kukonza njira zowonetsetsa kuti Covid-19 iwonetsere zinthu.
Nduna ya Migodi a Baldo Prokurica akuyang'ana kufalitsa deta ya matenda kuchokera kwa akuluakulu azaumoyo m'deralo, osati kumakampani okha. Boma litha kunenanso zotsatira za kafukufuku wa momwe migodi ikutsata ndondomeko zolimbana ndi ma virus, adatero poyankhulana Lolemba.
Mosiyana ndi dziko loyandikana nalo la Peru, Chile idasankha kupitiliza migodi pomwe kachilomboka kamagunda, kukhazikitsa njira zachitetezo ndikuchotsa anthu osafunikira osapereka zambiri. Kwa Prokurica, ndi njira yokhazikika yosunga antchito athanzi komanso kuti ndalama zotumiza kunja zikuyenda.
"Tichita zonse zomwe tingathe kuti dziko litsimikizire ogwira ntchito zantchito zawo, komanso nthawi yomweyo kupitiliza, ndikuteteza thanzi ndi chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito," adatero.
Kusamvana kudakula sabata yatha pambuyo poti wogwira ntchito ku mgodi wa Codelco wa Chuquicamata wa boma atamwalira ndi matendawa. Undunawu udatumiza oyendera owonjezera kuti awone momwe zinthu ziliri pamigodi, ndipo kafukufuku wopitilira 1,600 wachitika mpaka pano.
Kumapeto kwa sabata, magulu asanu ndi awiri oimira ogwira ntchito ndi makontrakitala adapempha boma kuti liunikenso momwe migodi ikupitirizira. Chakumapeto Lachiwiri, bungwe la Federation of Copper Workers linanena kuti atsogoleri amgwirizano saloledwa kulowa mumgodi wa Chuquicamata kuti ayang'ane kutsatiridwa kwa protocol mu chitsanzo chaposachedwa cha "khalidwe lodzikuza" la oyang'anira.
Prokurica adati makampaniwa akutenga njira zodabwitsa kuti ateteze ogwira ntchito, kuphatikiza kuyesa, kutalikirana ndikuchotsa pafupifupi theka la ogwira ntchito. Pomwe matenda akukula mdziko muno, migodi yachita bwino kuposa mafakitale ena, pomwe 0.5% yokha ya ogwira ntchito akudwala, adatero.
"Palibe chizolowezi m'makampani amkuwa pakali pano," adatero Prokurica. "Tili m'gawo lovuta kwambiri la mliri ku Chile."
Kusankhidwa kwa Zinthu Zopangira Mpira Mill
Zosiyanasiyana zophwanyidwa, zogwirira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zimafunikira ma liner osiyanasiyana kuti agwirizane. Komanso, chipinda chogawirako ndi chopera bwino chimafunikira zingwe zosiyanasiyana.
H&G Machinery imapereka zinthu zotsatirazi kuti muponyere liner yanu ya mphero:
Chitsulo cha Manganese
The manganese zili mkulu manganese zitsulo mpira mphero akalowa mbale nthawi zambiri 11-14%, ndi mpweya zili zambiri 0.90-1.50%, ambiri amene ali pamwamba 1.0%. Pakatundu wocheperako, kuuma kumatha kufika HB300-400. Pakatundu wambiri, kuuma kumatha kufika HB500-800. Kutengera momwe zimakhudzira, kuya kwa wosanjikiza wowuma kumatha kufika 10-20mm. Wosanjikiza wowuma wokhala ndi kuuma kwakukulu kumatha kukana kukhudzidwa ndikuchepetsa kuvala kwa abrasive. Chitsulo chapamwamba cha manganese chimakhala ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri yotsutsana ndi kuvala pansi pakuvala kwamphamvu kwa abrasive, motero nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osamva amigodi, zida zomangira, mphamvu zotentha, ndi zida zina zamakina. Pansi pazikhalidwe zotsika kwambiri, chitsulo chachikulu cha manganese sichingakhale ndi mawonekedwe azinthuzo chifukwa chowumitsa ntchito sichikuwonekera.
Mapangidwe a Chemical
| Dzina | Mapangidwe a Chemical (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Ku | P | S | |
| Mn14 Mill Liner | 0.9-1.5 | 0.3-1.0 | 11-14 | 0-2.5 | 0-0.5 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
| Mn18 Mill Liner | 1.0-1.5 | 0.3-1.0 | 16-19 | 0-2.5 | 0-0.5 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
Zimango katundu ndi kapangidwe metallographic
| Dzina | Kuuma Pamwamba (HB) | Mtengo wa Ak (J/cm2) | Microstructure |
| Mn14 Mill Liner | ≤240 | ≥100 | A+C |
| Mn18 Mill Liner | ≤260 | ≥150 | A+C |
| C -Carbide | Carbide A-yosungidwa austenite | Austenite | |||
Mafotokozedwe azinthu
| Kukula | Hole Dia. (mm) | Kutalika kwa Liner (mm) | ||
| ≤40 | ≥40 | ≤250 | ≥250 | |
| Kulekerera | + 20 | + 30 | + | + 30 |
Chrome Alloy Steel
Chromium aloyi kuponyedwa chitsulo ogaŵikana mkulu chromium aloyi kuponyedwa chitsulo (chromium zili 8-26% mpweya zili 2.0-3.6%), sing'anga chromium aloyi kuponyedwa chitsulo (chromium zili 4-6%, mpweya zili 2.0-3.2%), otsika chromium Mitundu itatu ya aloyi kuponyedwa chitsulo (chromium zili 1-3%, carbon zili 2.1-3.6%). Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti microhardness ya M7C3 eutectic carbide ndi HV1300-1800, yomwe imagawidwa mu mawonekedwe a maukonde osweka ndi olekanitsidwa pa martensite (yovuta kwambiri muzitsulo zachitsulo) masanjidwewo, kuchepetsa zotsatira za cleavage pa masanjidwewo. Chifukwa chake, cholumikizira chapamwamba cha chromium chimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, kulimba kwa mphero ya mpira, komanso kukana kuvala kwapamwamba, ndipo magwiridwe ake amayimira kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe zitsulo sizimva kuvala.
Mapangidwe a Chemical
| Dzina | Mapangidwe a Chemical (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Ku | P | S | |
| High Chrome Alloy Liner | 2.0-3.6 | 0-1.0 | 0-2.0 | 8-26 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
| Middle Chrome Alloy Liner | 2.0-3.3 | 0-1.2 | 0-2.0 | 4-8 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
| Low Chrome Alloy Liner | 2.1-3.6 | 0-1.5 | 0-2.0 | 1-3 | 0-1.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
Zimango katundu ndi kapangidwe metallographic
| Dzina | Pamwamba (HRC) Ak (J/cm2) | Microstructure | ||||
| High Chrome Alloy Liner | ≥58 | ≥3.5 | M+C+A | |||
| Middle Chrome Alloy Liner | ≥48 | ≥10 | M+C | |||
| Low Chrome Alloy Liner | ≥45 | ≥15 | M+C+P | |||
| M-Martensite | C-Carbide | A-Austenite | P-Pearlite | |||
Mafotokozedwe azinthu
| Kukula | Hole Dia. (mm) Kutalika kwa Liner (mm) | |||
| ≤40 | ≥40 | ≤250 | ≥250 | |
| Kulekerera | + 20 | + 30 | + | + 30 |
Cr-Mo Aloyi Chitsulo
H&G Machinery imagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cha Cr-Mo alloy poponya mphero. Zinthuzi kutengera muyeso waku Australia, (AS2074 Standard L2B, ndi AS2074 Standard L2C) zimapatsa mphamvu komanso kukana kuvala pamapulogalamu onse opangira ma semi-autogenous mphero.
Mapangidwe a Chemical
| Kodi | Chemical Elements (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Ku | P | S | |
| L2B | 0.6-0.9 | 0.4-0.7 | 0.6-1.0 | 1.8-2.1 | 0.2-0.4 | 0.3-0.5 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.06 |
| L2C | 0.3-0.45 | 0.4-0.7 | 1.3-1.6 | 2.5-3.2 | 0.6-0.8 | 0.3-0.5 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.06 |
Physical Property & Microstructure
| Kodi | Kuuma (HB) | Ak (J/cm2) | Microstructure |
| L2B | 325-375 | ≥50 | P |
| L2C | 350-400 | ≥75 | M |
| M-Martensite, C-Carbide, A-Austenite, P-Pearlite | |||
Ni-hard Steel
Ni-Hard ndi chitsulo choyera choyera, chosakanikirana ndi faifi tambala ndi chromium yoyenera kutsika pang'ono, ma abrasion otsetsereka pazonse zonyowa komanso zowuma. Ni-Hard ndi chinthu chosamva kuvala kwambiri, chopangidwa m'mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe omwe ndi abwino kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pamapangidwe abrasive ndi kuvala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.
Mapangidwe a Chemical
| Dzina | C | Si | Mn | Ndi | Cr | S | P | Mo | Kuuma |
| Ni-Hard AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 1-550 | 3.2-3.6 | 0.3-0.8 | 0.2-0.8 | 3.0-5.0 | 1.5-3.0 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.5 | 550-600HBN |
| Ni-Hard AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 2-550 | 2.8-3.2 | 0.3-0.8 | 0.2-0.8 | 3.0-5.0 | 1.5-3.0 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.5 | 500-550HBN |
| Ni-Hard AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 2-550 | 3.2-3.6 | 1.5-2.2 | 0.2-0.8 | 4.0-5.5 | 8.0-10.0 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.5 | 630-670HBN |
Chitsulo Choyera
Mapangidwe a Chemical
| Dzina | Mapangidwe a Chemical (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Ku | P | S | |
| White Iron Steel Liner | 2.0-3.3 | 0-0.8 | ≤2.0 | 12-26 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
Physical Property & Microstructure
| Dzina | Mtengo wa HRC | Ak(J/cm2) | Microstructure |
| White Iron Steel Liner | ≥58 | ≥3.5 | M+C+A |
| M-Martensite C-Carbide A-Austenite | |||
Ngati muli ndi mafunso apadera, chonde lemberani injiniya wathu kuti akuthandizeni!
Nick Sun [email protected]
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-19-2020