Naha e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea koporo e na le tšepo ea ho nka litaba tse maphathaphathe
Bahoebi ba koporo ba ntse ba hlaseloa ke bakhanni ba theko e ka bang teng hona joale - ho tloha ho $ 1 trillion ho ts'ebeliso ea litšebeletso tsa motheo tsa US ho ea ho leqhubu la bobeli la Covid-19 naheng ea China. Ho 'muelli oa molao oa Chile, sephetho se na le tšepo ka hloko.
Litheko li kanna tsa ba ho feta $2.50 ponto selemong sena, ho latela Marco Riveros, ea etelletseng setsi sa mmuso Cochilco. Ho fihlela joale selemong sena, karolelano e bile ka tlase ho boemo boo.
Ka tlhokahalo e tšehetsoeng ke ho hlaphoheloa Europe le tlhahiso ea motheo ea Mopresidente Trump, ho na le khothatso ea hore merafo ea Chile e tsoele pele ho sebetsa haufi le maemo a matla, Riveros o boletse puisanong ea Labobeli.
Naheng e hlahisitseng lithane tse limilione tse 5.8 tsa tšepe e khubelu selemong se fetileng, litšitiso tsa Covid-19 li ka bitsa lithane tse ka bang 75,000 kapa lithane tse ka bang 400,000, setsi se boletse. Kae-kae bohareng ba sebaka seo, hoo e ka bang lithane tse 200,000, e ka ba tebello e utloahalang, o ile a re.
Mefuta e mengata haholo e etsa hore likhakanyo tse nepahetseng tsa nako e khuts'oane li be thata. Likhamphani li lula li fetola merero ea tsona ea merafo ha li ntse li lelekisa phaello ea tlhahiso ha li ntse li sebetsa le basebetsi ba fokotsehileng. Ha basebetsi ba bangata ba kula, mekhatlo ea basebetsi ea Chile e batla ho fokotsa ts'ebetso.
Le hoja bophelo bo botle e lokela ho ba ntho e tlang pele ka ho fetisisa 'me merafo e meng e ka' na ea thatafalloa ho boloka lihlahisoa, pono ea Cochilco ke hore indasteri e shejoe ka tšepo, ho boletse Riveros.
"Haholo-holo Chile, merafo e 'nile ea e-ba le bokhoni ba ho sutumelletsa tsoelo-pele ea moruo,' me tabeng ena, ho tsosolosoa ha moruo pele," o boletse joalo.
Boitekong ba ho fokotsa tsitsipano ea basebetsi le ho boloka merafo e sebetsa, mmuso o ntse o sebetsa ka mekhoa ea ho ntlafatsa ponaletso ea Covid-19.
Letona la Merafo Baldo Prokurica o shebane le ho hasa litaba tsa ts'oaetso ho tsoa ho balaoli ba lehae ba bophelo bo botle, eseng ho tsoa lik'hamphaning feela. Mmuso o ka boela oa tlaleha liphetho tsa liphuputso mabapi le hore na merafo e latela hantle hakae liprothokholo tsa toants'o ea vaerase, o boletse puisanong ea Mantaha.
Ho fapana le Peru ea boahelani, Chile e ile ea khetha ho tsoela pele ho sebetsa morafo ha vaerase e ntse e otla, ho kenya ts'ebetsong mehato ea polokeho le ho theola basebetsi bao e seng ba bohlokoa ntle le ho tela lintho tse ngata. Bakeng sa Prokurica, ke ketso e leka-lekaneng ea ho boloka basebetsi ba phetse hantle 'me lekeno le hlokahalang la kantle ho naha le phallang.
O ile a re: "Re tla etsa sohle se matleng a rona hore naha e netefatse basebetsi ka mesebetsi ea bona, 'me ka nako e ts'oanang e be le ts'ebetso, ha re ntse re sireletsa bophelo bo botle le polokeho ea basebetsi ba rona."
tsitsipano e ile ea mpefala bekeng e fetileng kamora hore mosebeletsi oa morafo oa 'muso oa Codelco Chuquicamata a bolaoe ke lefu lena. Letona le rometse bahlahlobi ba tlatsetso ho tla lekola maemo merafong, ka litlhahlobo tse 1,600 ho fihlela hajoale.
Mafelong a beke, lihlopha tse supileng tse emetseng basebetsi le borakonteraka li ile tsa etsa boipiletso ba hore mmuso o hlahlobe bocha tšebetso e ntseng e tsoela pele ea merafo. Bofelong ba Labobeli, Federation of Copper Workers e boletse hore baetapele ba mekhatlo ea basebetsi ha ba lumelloe ho kena morafong oa Chuquicamata ho hlahloba ho latela melao ea protocol mohlaleng oa morao-rao oa "boitšoaro bo ikhohomosang" ba batsamaisi.
Prokurica o re indasteri e nka mehato e makatsang ho sireletsa basebetsi, ho kenyeletsoa liteko, ho suthela thoko le ho theola halofo ea basebetsi kaofela. Ha ts'oaetso e ntse e eketseha sechabeng, meepo e entse hantle ho feta liindasteri tse ling, ka 0.5% feela ea basebetsi ba kula, o boletse joalo.
"Ha ho na mokhoa o tloaelehileng indastering ea koporo hona joale," ho boletse Prokurica. "Re maemong a thata ka ho fetisisa a seoa sa Chile."
Khetho ea Lintho tsa Ball Mill Liner
Lintho tse fapaneng tse sithabetseng, maemo a fapaneng a ts'ebetso a hloka li-liner tse fapaneng hore li lumellane. Hape, phaposi e mahoashe ea ho sila le phaposi ea ho sila e mahoashe e hloka li-liner tse fapaneng.
H&G Machinery e fana ka lisebelisoa tse latelang ho lahlela liner ea hau:
Tšepe ea Manganese
Liteng tsa manganese tsa leloala le phahameng la tšepe la manganese ka kakaretso ke 11-14%, 'me khabone hangata ke 0.90-1.50%, boholo ba eona e kaholimo ho 1.0%. Ka meroalo e nang le tšusumetso e tlase, boima bo ka fihla HB300-400. Ka meroalo e matla, boima bo ka fihla HB500-800. Ho itšetlehile ka mojaro oa tšusumetso, botebo ba lera le thata bo ka fihla ho 10-20mm. Sekhahla se thata se nang le boima bo phahameng se ka hanela tšusumetso le ho fokotsa ho roala ha abrasive. Litšepe tse phahameng tsa manganese li na le ts'ebetso e ntle ea anti-wear tlasa maemo a matla a ho roala, kahoo hangata e sebelisoa likarolong tse sa sebetseng tsa meepo, lisebelisoa tsa kaho, matla a mocheso le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa mochini. Tlas'a maemo a maemo a tlase a ts'oaetso, tšepe e phahameng ea manganese e ke ke ea sebelisa litšobotsi tsa thepa hobane phello e thata ea mosebetsi ha e totobetse.
Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale
| Lebitso | Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mong | Kr | Mo | Cu | P | S | |
| Mn14 Mill Liner | 0.9-1.5 | 0.3-1.0 | 11-14 | 0-2.5 | 0-0.5 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
| Mn18 Mill Liner | 1.0-1.5 | 0.3-1.0 | 16-19 | 0-2.5 | 0-0.5 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
Thepa ea mochini le sebopeho sa metallographic
| Lebitso | Ho thatafala ha Bokaho (HB) | Boleng ba tšusumetso Ak (J/cm2) | Microstructure |
| Mn14 Mill Liner | ≤240 | ≥100 | A+C |
| Mn18 Mill Liner | ≤260 | ≥150 | A+C |
| C -Carbide | Carbide A-E bolokiloe austenite | Austenite | |||
Tlhaloso ea lihlahisoa
| Boholo | Hole Dia. (mm) | Bolelele ba Liner (mm) | ||
| ≤40 | ≥40 | ≤250 | ≥250 | |
| Mamello | +20 | +30 | +20 | +3 |
Chrome Alloy Steel
Chromium alloy cast iron e arotsoe ka tšepe e phahameng ea chromium alloy cast iron (chromium content 8-26% carbon content 2.0-3.6%), medium chromium alloy cast iron (chromium content 4-6%, carbon content 2.0-3.2%), low chromium Mefuta e meraro ea alloy cast iron (litekanyetso tsa chromium 1-3%, litaba tsa carbon 2.1-3.6%). Tšobotsi ea eona e tsotehang ke hore microhardness ea M7C3 eutectic carbide ke HV1300-1800, e ajoang ka mokhoa oa marang-rang a robehileng le ho aroloa ho martensite (mohaho o thata ka ho fetisisa ka matrix a tšepe) matrix, ho fokotsa phello ea cleavage holim'a matrix. Ka hona, mohala o phahameng oa chromium alloy o na le matla a phahameng, ho tiea ha leloala la bolo, le khanyetso e phahameng ea ho apara, 'me ts'ebetso ea eona e emela boemo bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa ba lisebelisoa tsa morao-rao tsa tšepe.
Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale
| Lebitso | Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mong | Kr | Mo | Cu | P | S | |
| High Chrome Alloy Liner | 2.0-3.6 | 0-1.0 | 0-2.0 | 8-26 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
| Bohareng ba Alloy Line ea Chrome | 2.0-3.3 | 0-1.2 | 0-2.0 | 4-8 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
| Low Chrome Alloy Liner | 2.1-3.6 | 0-1.5 | 0-2.0 | 1-3 | 0-1.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
Thepa ea mochini le sebopeho sa metallographic
| Lebitso | Bokaholimo (HRC) Ak (J/cm2) | Microstructure | ||||
| High Chrome Alloy Liner | ≥58 | ≥3.5 | M+C+A | |||
| Bohareng ba Alloy Line ea Chrome | ≥48 | ≥10 | M+C | |||
| Low Chrome Alloy Liner | ≥45 | ≥15 | M+C+P | |||
| M-Martensite | C - Carbide | A-Austenite | P-Pearlite | |||
Tlhaloso ea lihlahisoa
| Boholo | Hole Dia.(mm) Bolelele ba Liner (mm) | |||
| ≤40 | ≥40 | ≤250 | ≥250 | |
| Mamello | +20 | +30 | +20 | +3 |
Cr-Mo Alloy Steel
H&G Machinery e sebelisa tšepe ea alloy ea Cr-Mo ho etsa liner. Thepa ena e ipapisitse le maemo a Australia, (AS2074 Standard L2B, le AS2074 Standard L2C) e fana ka tšusumetso e phahameng le ho hanyetsa ts'ebetso lits'ebetsong tsohle tsa semi-autogenous milling.
Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale
| Khoutu | Lintho tsa Lik'hemik'hale (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mong | Kr | Mo | Cu | P | S | |
| L2B | 0.6-0.9 | 0.4-0.7 | 0.6-1.0 | 1.8-2.1 | 0.2-0.4 | 0.3-0.5 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.06 |
| L2C | 0.3-0.45 | 0.4-0.7 | 1.3-1.6 | 2.5-3.2 | 0.6-0.8 | 0.3-0.5 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.06 |
Thepa ea 'Mele & Microstructure
| Khoutu | Ho thatafala (HB) | Ak (J/cm2) | Microstructure |
| L2B | 325-375 | ≥50 | P |
| L2C | 350-400 | ≥75 | M |
| M-Martensite, C-Carbide, A-Austenite, P-Pearlite | |||
Ni-hard Steel
Ni-Hard ke tšepe e entsoeng ka tšepe e tšoeu, e kopantsoeng ka nickel le chromium e loketseng tšusumetso e tlaase, e thellang bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse metsi le tse omeletseng. Ni-Hard ke thepa e sa senyeheng ka ho fetelletseng, e entsoeng ka libopeho le libopeho tse loketseng ho sebelisoa libakeng tse mahlahahlaha le tse apereng le lits'ebetso.
Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale
| Lebitso | C | Si | Mong | Ni | Kr | S | P | Mo | Ho thatafala |
| Ni-Hard AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 1-550 | 3.2-3.6 | 0.3-0.8 | 0.2-0.8 | 3.0-5.0 | 1.5-3.0 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.5 | 550-600HBN |
| Ni-Hard AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 2-550 | 2.8-3.2 | 0.3-0.8 | 0.2-0.8 | 3.0-5.0 | 1.5-3.0 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.5 | 500-550HBN |
| Ni-Hard AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 2-550 | 3.2-3.6 | 1.5-2.2 | 0.2-0.8 | 4.0-5.5 | 8.0-10.0 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.5 | 630-670HBN |
Tshipi e Tshweu
Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale
| Lebitso | Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale(%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mong | Kr | Mo | Cu | P | S | |
| Mohala o Mosoeu oa Tšepe | 2.0-3.3 | 0-0.8 | ≤2.0 | 12-26 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
Thepa ea 'Mele & Microstructure
| Lebitso | HRC | Ak(J/cm2) | Microstructure |
| Mohala o Mosoeu oa Tšepe | ≥58 | ≥3.5 | M+C+A |
| M-Martensite C- Carbide A-Austenite | |||
Haeba u na le lipotso tse khethehileng, ka kopo ikopanye le moenjiniere oa rona ho u sebeletsa!
Nick Sun [email protected]
Nako ea poso: Jun-19-2020