Ribar da aka daidaita ta mai hakar ma'adinan Gold Newmont Corp ta kusan ninki biyu a ranar Talata ta haɓaka ta hanyar haɓaka haɓaka da haɓakar farashin karafa masu daraja, yayin da masu saka hannun jari suka garzaya zuwa kadara mai aminci a cikin rudanin kasuwa da ya haifar da barkewar COVID-19.

Babban mai hakar zinare a duniya ya ce matsakaicin farashin zinare a kwata na farko ya tashi zuwa dala 1,591 a kowace oza daga dala 1,300 a shekarar da ta gabata, yayin da abin da ake iya gani na zinare ya karu da kashi 20% zuwa oza miliyan 1.5 musamman sakamakon sabon hako ma'adinan Goldcorp da ya samu. shekaran da ya gabata.

Farashin zinari ya karu da kusan kashi 12% a wannan shekara, yayin da masu saka hannun jari suka karkatar da jarin su zuwa karfe bayan da hatsaniya ta sha kaye sakamakon rashin tabbas a tattalin arzikin duniya da cutar korona ta shafa.

Wannan ya taimaka hannun jari na masu hakar gwal su zarce kididdigar hannun jari a wannan shekara, duk da dakatar da samarwa saboda kulle-kullen da kwayar cutar ke haifar a duniya.

S&P/TSX na Global Gold index, wanda ke bin diddigin masu kera gwal da kayayyakin da ke da alaƙa, gami da kamfanonin da ke hakar gwal ko sarrafa zinari a duniya, ya sami kusan kashi 36% a matsakaicin matsakaicin wannan kwata, idan aka kwatanta da bara.

Hannun jarin Newmont ya karu da kusan kashi 44% a wannan shekara kamar ranar Litinin.

Kudaden shiga da ake dangantawa ga masu hannun jari ya haura sama da ninki tara zuwa dala miliyan 822 ko kuma dala miliyan 1.02 a kowace kaso a kashi na farko da ya kare a ranar 31 ga Maris, idan aka kwatanta da bara, yayin da kamfanin ya ci gajiyar siyar da wasu kasuwancin.

Ban da ribar lokaci guda, ribar da Newmont ta daidaita na dala miliyan 326 ko $0.40 a kowace kaso, ta karu da kusan kashi 85% daga kwata na shekarar da ta gabata amma an rasa kiyasin masu sharhi na 42 cents a kowace rabon, a cewar Refinitiv IBES.

Kamfanin ya ce duk-dukkan farashin ci gaba ya karu kusan 14% zuwa $ 1,030 a kowace oza na kwata da farko saboda girman zinare CAS (farashin zinare wanda ya dace da siyarwa) kowace oza, ƙarin kashe kuɗi na jari da kulawa da farashin kulawa da ke da alaƙa da Covid-19.

Niƙa mai sarrafa kansa sabon nau'in kayan niƙa ne tare da aikin murkushewa da aikin niƙa duka. Yana amfani da kayan niƙa kanta azaman matsakaici, ta hanyar tasirin juna da tasirin niƙa don cimma nasara. The Semi-autogenous niƙa ne don ƙara karamin adadin karfe bukukuwa a cikin autogenous niƙa, da aiki iya aiki za a iya ƙara da 10% - 30%, da makamashi amfani da naúrar samfurin za a iya rage da 10% - 20%, amma Lalacewar layin yana in ɗanɗano ya ƙaru da kashi 15%, kuma ingancin samfurin yana da ƙarfi. A matsayin wani muhimmin ɓangare na injin injin-autogenous, ƙwanƙwasa harsashi na jikin silinda ya lalace sosai saboda tasirin ƙwallon ƙarfe wanda aka ɗaga katako mai ɗagawa akan layin a wancan ƙarshen yayin aikin injin SAG.

A cikin 2009, an gina sabbin masana'antun sarrafa kayan masarufi guda biyu tare da diamita na 7.53 × 4.27 a cikin Panzhihua Iron da Karfe Co., Ltd., tare da ƙarfin ƙira na shekara-shekara na ton miliyan 2/seti. A cikin 2011, an gina wani sabon injin niƙa da diamita na 9.15 × 5.03 a Baima concentrator na Panzhihua Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., tare da ƙarfin ƙira na shekara-shekara na tan miliyan 5. Tun da gwajin aiki na Semi-autogenous niƙa da diamita na 9.15 × 5.03, harsashi liners da grid farantin na niƙa sau da yawa karya, da kuma aiki kudi ne kawai 55%, wanda tsanani rinjayar da samarwa da kuma yadda ya dace.

Kamfanin niƙa mai tsayin mita 9.15 a ma'adinan Baima na Panzhihua Iron and Karfe Group ya yi amfani da layin silinda da masana'antun da yawa suka samar. Rayuwar sabis mafi tsayi shine ƙasa da watanni 3, kuma mafi ƙarancin rayuwa shine mako ɗaya kawai, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin ingancin injin injin sarrafa kansa da haɓakar farashin samarwa. H&G Machinery Co.; Ltd  ya zurfafa cikin rukunin injin niƙa mai tsayin mita 9.15 don ci gaba da bincike da gwaji. Ta hanyar inganta kayan aikin simintin gyare-gyare, tsarin simintin gyare-gyare, da tsarin kula da zafi, rayuwar sabis na harsashi da aka samar a cikin ma'adinan Baima ya wuce watanni 4, kuma tasirin ya bayyana a fili.

Sanadin nazarin ɗan gajeren rayuwa na SAG niƙa harsashi

Ma'auni da tsarin φ 9.15 × 5.03 Semi-autogenous niƙa a cikin Baima concentrator. Tebu 1 shine madaidaicin tebur:

Binciken gazawar tsofaffin manyan harsashi na SAG

Tun da ƙaddamar da φ 9.15 × 5.03 Semi-autogenous niƙa a cikin Baima concentrator, yawan aiki ya kasance kusan 55% ne kawai saboda lalacewa marar daidaituwa da maye gurbin injinan injin, wanda ke tasiri sosai ga fa'idodin tattalin arziki. Ana nuna babban yanayin rashin nasarar harsashi a cikin siffa 1 (a). Bisa ga binciken da aka yi a kan shafin, SAG mill shell liners da lattice plates sune manyan sassan gazawar, wanda ya dace da halin da ake ciki a cikin siffa 2 (b). Mun ware wasu dalilai, kawai daga lilin kanta bincike, manyan matsalolin sune kamar haka:

1. Saboda zaɓin kayan da ba daidai ba, farantin layin silinda na silinda ya lalace a cikin tsarin amfani, wanda ke haifar da haɓakar juna na farantin layi, yana haifar da raguwa da raguwa;

2. A matsayin maɓalli na maɓalli na silinda, saboda rashin juriya na lalacewa, lokacin da kauri na lilin ya kasance game da 30 mm, ƙarfin juzu'i na raguwa ya ragu, kuma ba za a iya tsayayya da tasirin ƙwallon ƙarfe ba, wanda ya haifar da karaya da raguwa. gogewa;

3. Simintin ingantattun lahani, kamar ƙazanta a cikin narkakkar karfe, babban abun ciki na iskar gas, da tsari mara ƙarfi, yana rage ƙarfi da taurin simintin.

Sabbin ƙirar kayan aikin SAG niƙa harsashi

Ka'idar zaɓin abun da ke tattare da sinadarai ita ce sanya kayan aikin injin harsashi da farantin grid su cika buƙatu masu zuwa:

1) Babban juriya na lalacewa. Sawa na harsashi da farantin grid shine babban abin da ke haifar da raguwar rayuwar sabis na harsashi, kuma juriya na lalacewa yana wakiltar rayuwar sabis na harsashi da grid farantin.

2) Babban tasiri tauri. Taurin tasiri sifa ce da za ta iya dawo da yanayin asali bayan ɗaukar wani ƙarfi na waje nan take. Don haka layin harsashi da farantin grid ba za su fashe ba yayin tasirin ƙwallon ƙarfe.

Haɗin Sinadari

1) Abubuwan da ke cikin carbon da C suna sarrafawa tsakanin 0.4% da 0.6% a ƙarƙashin yanayin lalacewa daban-daban, musamman ma nauyin tasiri;

2) Sakamakon ya nuna cewa abun ciki na Si da Si yana ƙarfafa ferrite, ƙara yawan yawan amfanin ƙasa, rage taurin da filastik, kuma suna da halin haɓaka fushi, kuma ana sarrafa abun ciki tsakanin 0.2-0.45%;

3) Mn abun ciki, Mn element yafi taka rawa na ƙarfafa bayani, inganta ƙarfi, taurin da juriya, ƙara fushi da rashin ƙarfi tsarin, da abun ciki ana sarrafa tsakanin 0.8-2.0%;

4) Abubuwan da ke cikin Chromium, Cr element, wani muhimmin mahimmanci na karfe mai jurewa, yana da tasiri mai karfi akan karfe kuma zai iya inganta ƙarfin, taurin da juriya na karfe, kuma ana sarrafa abun ciki tsakanin 1.4-3.0%;

5) Mo abun ciki, Mo element yana daya daga cikin manyan abubuwa na karfe mai jurewa, ƙarfafa ferrite, tsaftace hatsi, ragewa ko kawar da rashin tausayi, inganta ƙarfi da taurin karfe, ana sarrafa abun ciki tsakanin 0.4-1.0%;

6) Ana sarrafa abun ciki na Ni tsakanin 0.9-2.0%,

7) Lokacin da abun ciki na vanadium ya yi ƙanƙara, ana tsaftace ƙwayar hatsi kuma an inganta taurin. Ana iya sarrafa abun ciki na vanadium a cikin 0.03-0.08%;

8) Sakamakon ya nuna cewa tasirin dioxidation da haɓakar hatsi na titanium a bayyane yake, kuma ana sarrafa abun ciki tsakanin 0.03% da 0.08%;

9) Re iya tsarkake zukar karfe, tace microstructure, rage gas abun ciki, da sauran cutarwa abubuwa a karfe. Ƙarfin, filastik da juriya na gajiya na babban karfe za a iya sarrafawa a cikin 0.04-0.08%;

10) Ya kamata a sarrafa abun ciki na P da s a ƙasa da 0.03%.

Don haka abubuwan da ke tattare da sinadarai na sabon zanen SAG niƙa masu harsashi sune:

Fasahar Casting

Mabuɗin fasaha na simintin gyare-gyare

1. Carbon dioxide sodium silicate yashi mai taurin kai ana amfani da shi don tsananin sarrafa danshi na gyare-gyaren yashi;
2. Za a yi amfani da murfin foda mai tsabta na zircon foda, kuma ba za a yi amfani da samfuran da suka ƙare ba;
3. Yin amfani da kumfa don yin cikakken samfurin samfurin, kowane fillet na simintin dole ne a fitar da shi a jiki, yana buƙatar madaidaicin girman da tsari mai ma'ana;
4. A cikin tsarin gyare-gyaren, ya kamata a kula da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun, kuma ma'aikaci ya sanya yashi daidai, kuma yashi ya kamata ya zama cikakke kuma har ma, kuma a lokaci guda, ya kamata a guje wa lalacewar samfurin na ainihi;
5. A cikin aiwatar da gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare, girman ya kamata a bincika sosai don tabbatar da daidaiton girman ƙwayar yashi;
6. Dole ne a bushe ƙwayar yashi kafin rufe akwatin;
7. Bincika girman kowane cibiya don guje wa kaurin bango mara daidaituwa.

Tsarin simintin gyare-gyare

Zuba zafin jiki shine babban abin da ke shafar tsarin ciki na simintin gyare-gyare. Idan yawan zafin jiki ya yi yawa, zafi mai zafi na narkakken karfe yana da girma, yin simintin yana da sauƙi don samar da porosity na shrinkage da tsari mai zurfi; idan yawan zafin jiki ya yi ƙasa sosai, zafi mai zafi na karfe na ruwa kadan ne, kuma zubar bai isa ba. Ana sarrafa yawan zafin jiki tsakanin 1510 ℃ da 1520 ℃, wanda zai iya tabbatar da ingantaccen microstructure da cikakken cikawa. Gudun zuƙowa da ya dace shine mabuɗin ga ƙaƙƙarfan tsari kuma babu wani rami mai raguwa a cikin mai tashi. Lokacin zub da sauri yana kusa da matsayi na bututun ruwa mai sanyaya, ka'idar "jinkirin farko, sannan sauri, sannan jinkirin" za a bi. Wato a fara zuba a hankali. Lokacin da narkakkarfan ya shiga jikin simintin, ana ƙara saurin zubowa don sa narkakken ƙarfen ya tashi zuwa hawan da sauri, sannan kuma a hankali zuba. Lokacin da narkakkar karfe ya shiga 2/3 na tsayin hawan, ana amfani da mai hawan don gyara zubewar har zuwa ƙarshen zubar.

Maganin zafi

Daidaitaccen haɗaɗɗen ƙarfe na tsaka-tsaki da ƙananan ƙirar carbon na iya jinkirta canjin pearlite da haskaka canjin bainite ta yadda za a iya samun tsarin da ya mamaye bainite a cikin babban kewayon ci gaba da yanayin sanyaya bayan austenitizing, wanda ake kira bainitic karfe. Bainitic karfe iya samun mafi girma m Properties tare da ƙananan sanyaya kudi, don haka sauƙaƙa da zafi magani tsari da kuma rage nakasawa.

Isothermal magani

Babban nasara ce a fannin ƙarfe da ƙarfe don samun kayan ƙarfe na bainite ta hanyar maganin isothermal, wanda shine ɗayan hanyoyin haɓaka kayan ƙarfe na ƙarfe da nano karfe. Duk da haka, austempering tsari da kayan aiki ne hadaddun, makamashi amfani ne babba, samfurin farashin ne high, quenching matsakaici gurbatawa yanayi, dogon samar da sake zagayowar da sauransu.

Maganin sanyaya iska

Don shawo kan gazawar jiyya na isothermal, an shirya wani nau'in ƙarfe na bainitic ta hanyar sanyaya iska bayan jefawa. Duk da haka, don samun ƙarin bainite, jan karfe, molybdenum, nickel da sauran kayan haɗi masu daraja dole ne a ƙara, wanda ba wai kawai yana da tsada mai tsada ba amma yana da rashin ƙarfi.

Sarrafa sanyaya magani

Sarrafa sanyaya asali shine ra'ayi a cikin tsarin sarrafa mirgina karfe. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ya ci gaba a cikin ingantacciyar hanyar magance zafi da ceton makamashi. A lokacin jiyya na zafi, ana iya samun ƙirar ƙirar da aka tsara kuma ana iya inganta kaddarorin ƙarfe ta hanyar sanyaya mai sarrafawa. Binciken da aka yi kan jujjuyawar sarrafawa da sanyaya ƙarfe ya nuna cewa sanyaya mai sarrafawa na iya haɓaka samuwar ƙarancin carbon bainite mai ƙarfi da tauri lokacin da sinadarin ƙarfe ya dace. Hanyoyin sanyaya da aka saba amfani da su na sanyaya jiki sun haɗa da sanyaya jet mai matsa lamba, sanyaya laminar, sanyaya labulen ruwa, sanyaya atomization, sanyayawar feshi, sanyayawar faranti, sanyin feshin ruwa-iska, da kashe kai tsaye, da dai sauransu 8 nau'ikan hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ana yawan amfani da su. .

Hanyar sarrafa zafi

Dangane da matsayin kayan aiki na kamfanin da ainihin yanayin, muna ɗaukar hanyar ci gaba da sanyaya zafi. Ƙayyadaddun tsari shine ƙara yawan zafin jiki ta AC3 + (50 ~ 100) centigrade bisa ga wani nau'i na dumama da kuma hanzarta sanyaya ta amfani da na'urar feshin ruwa mai sanyaya ruwa wanda kamfaninmu ya ƙera don kayan ya kasance mai sanyaya iska kuma taurin kai. Yana iya samun cikakken tsari na bainite mai kama da juna, cimma kyakkyawan aiki, a fili ya fi samfuran iri ɗaya, kuma yana kawar da nau'ikan fushi na biyu.

Sakamakon

• Tsarin ƙarfe: Girman hatsi 6.5
• HRC 45-50
• The harsashi liner na babban Semi-autogenous niƙa samar da kamfaninmu da aka yi amfani da kusan 3.5 shekaru a kan Φ 9.15 m Semi-autogenous niƙa a Baima mine na Panzhihua Iron da Karfe Group Co., Ltd. rayuwar sabis ya fi girma. Watanni 4, kuma rayuwar sabis mafi tsayi shine watanni 7. Tare da haɓakar rayuwar sabis, farashin niƙa naúrar yana raguwa sosai, yawan maye gurbin farantin rufi yana raguwa sosai, ingantaccen samarwa yana inganta sosai kuma fa'ida ta bayyana.
• Zaɓin kayan abu shine mabuɗin don inganta rayuwar sabis na masu aikin niƙa na manyan injina mai sarrafa kansa, kuma ƙaddamar da matakan ƙarfe shine hanya mai mahimmanci don inganta juriya na lalacewa.
• Tsarin bainite tare da babban ƙarfi da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi shine garanti don inganta rayuwar sabis na harsashi na injin niƙa mai sarrafa kansa.
• Tsarin simintin gyare-gyare da tsarin kula da zafi sun dace don tabbatar da cewa tsarin simintin yana da yawa, wanda zai iya inganta rayuwar sabis na babban injin niƙa mai sarrafa kansa.

Nick Sun       [email protected]