Kwayar cutar ta Latin Amurka tana jefa manyan ma'adinan duniya cikin haɗari

Shawarar rufe masana'antun kasar Sin bayan sabuwar shekara ta haifar da fargaba a cikin manyan ma'adanai na Brazil da Chile da ke ciyar da su. Yanzu, tare da kasar Sin ta dawo bakin aiki da Latin Amurka sabon wuri mai zafi, damuwa yana canzawa daga buƙata zuwa wadata.

Mai safarar baƙin ƙarfe Vale SA ya firgita a makon da ya gabata saboda tir da ƙoƙarin da masu gabatar da kara na Brazil suka yi na rufe wani rukunin da ke da kashi goma na abubuwan da aka fitar. Wata kungiyar kwadago a behemoth Codelco na jan karfe ta ce mambobin sun damu cewa har yanzu karamar barkewar kwayar cutar za ta yadu.

Kararrawar kararrawa ta sake fara karawa a kasuwannin karfe yayin da barkewar ta barke a Latin Amurka, inda yawan mazauna yankin ya kai miliyan 600 ya kai kusan kashi 40% na mace-macen yau da kullun a duniya. Hakan na zuwa ne a daidai lokacin da bukatar kasar Sin ke kara farfadowa, kuma kasuwannin sun kara tsananta. Chile ce kan gaba wajen fitar da tagulla kuma Brazil ita ce kasa ta biyu mafi girma da ke jigilar tama.

"Matsalolin samar da ma'adinai daga Covid-19 a Latin Amurka sun yi nisa har yanzu," Wenyu Yao, babban masanin dabarun kayayyaki a bankin ING, ya fada ta wayar tarho daga Landan. "Chile babban ba a sani ba ne yanzu."

Ya zuwa yanzu, ma'adanai masu nauyi kamar Vale da Codelco sun sami nasarar ci gaba da aiki ta hanyar barkewar cutar, suna ɗaukar matakan tsaro ba tare da dakatar da fitarwa ba. Yanzu haka ana sake bude wasu ma'adanai a yankin da aka rufe. Amma masana'antar ta sami taimakon ƙarancin ƙarancin rashin lafiya a cikin yawan jama'a. Ba haka lamarin yake ba.

A ranar Juma'a, takin ƙarfe ya haura dala 100 a ton saboda fargabar cewa barkewar cutar na iya dakile wadatar da Brazilian ta yi daidai da ci gaba da buƙata mai ƙarfi a cikin manyan masana'antar ƙarfe ta China. A yanzu haka ana ganin an saita matakin da zai kai ga wannan matakin, kuma kwangilar a Singapore ta ci gaba a cikin kwanaki hudu da suka gabata.

Brazil ta zarce Amurka a cikin sabbin cututtukan coronavirus a makon da ya gabata, kuma cutar yanzu tana yaduwa a jihohin arewa kamar Para, wanda ke da kashi 8% na wadatar tama a duniya. A cikin Afrilu, Vale ta yanke jagorar jigilar kayayyaki saboda mummunan yanayi da kuma tasirin kwayar cutar kan ayyuka.

Cutar ta kuma kai masana'antar sarrafa nama ta Brazil, tare da umarnin JBS SA da ta rufe ayyuka a wata masana'anta a jihar Rondonia a makon da ya gabata a farkon rufewar naman naman kasar. Hakanan an sami bullar mai a Brazil, inda kusan mutane 500 suka tabbatar da kamuwa da cutar da kuma mutuwar daya daga cikin ma'aikatan da ke bakin teku, duk da cewa ba a yi wani tasiri a samar da su ba.

Haɗa bala'in lafiya na Brazil matsala ce mai yuwuwar  rikicin siyasa . Masu zanga-zangar sun yi arangama a kan titunan Sao Paulo Lahadi kuma Shugaba Jair Bolsonaro ya shiga zanga-zangar adawa da Majalisa da Kotun Koli.

"Barkewar Covid-19 a Brazil yana haifar da hatsari mai ma'ana don samar da ma'adinai a cikin makonni masu zuwa, duk da cewa an ba da izinin hakar ma'adinai don yin aiki a matsayin kasuwanci mai mahimmanci," manazarta Citigroup Inc. ciki har da Tracy Liao sun rubuta a cikin wani rahoto. "Haɓaka kamuwa da cuta tsakanin ma'aikata na iya sa masu hakar ma'adinai ko hukumomin gida su sanya ƙarin keɓe masu tsauri, wanda zai iya iyakance yawan aiki ko ma rufe ma'adinai."

A halin da ake ciki, tarin ma'adinan tama a tashar jiragen ruwa na kasar Sin ya ci gaba da raguwa, kuma bukatar karafa ta kasar Sin ta samu kyautatuwa musamman cikin watanni biyu da suka gabata, wanda ke nuni da raguwar kayayyaki. Duk da cewa farashin na iya tsayawa tsayin daka, Citigroup yana kiyaye ra'ayin sa, yana hasashen farashin zai faɗi zuwa $70 ton a ƙarshen 2020, tare da ana tsammanin Vale zai iya sarrafa barkewar da kyau.

A cikin martani ga tambayoyin, Vale ya sake nanata jagorar samarwa na shekara-shekara na miliyan 310 zuwa tan miliyan 330, wadanda ke haifar da hadarin kamuwa da cuta kamar rashin zuwa da yiwuwar tsauraran takunkumi a Brazil. Kamfanin ya kuma bayar da tallafin kudi ga sassan samar da kayayyaki da kayayyakin kiwon lafiya da ake shigo da su zuwa yankunan da yake aiki. Kamar Codelco, Vale ya aiwatar da matakan nisantar da jama'a, lalata wuraren aiki, dubawa da gwaji.

Irin wannan labari ne a cikin tagulla kamar yadda bayanan goyon bayan buƙatun ke haifar da koma baya. A ranar Litinin,  makomar tagulla  ta kai matsayi mafi girma tun tsakiyar watan Maris bayan da aka kera bayanai daga kasar Sin ya nuna cewa ana ci gaba da farfadowa.

Codelco na Chile ya sami nasarar ci gaba da aiki a kusa da farashin al'ada, yana taimakawa hana kasuwannin kara tsanantawa. Amma kiyaye fitarwa na iya zama da wahala yayin da shari'o'in Covid-19 ke karuwa a cikin kasar. Tare da yawan jama'a miliyan 18 kawai, Chile tana ba da rahoton sabbin maganganu kan kowane mutum a cikin sauri kwatankwacin na Spain a kololuwar yaduwar a cikin Maris, tare da tura asibitoci zuwa rugujewa tare da tilastawa hukumomi tsaurara takunkumi.

Ma'aikata a ma'adinan ma'adinai na Codelco's Chuquicamata sun damu da cewa adadin masu kamuwa da cutar, yayin da suke kanana, za su yi girma, in ji Miguel Veliz, darektan Union No. 3, ta wayar tarho.

Ma’aikata 15 da ma’aikatan kwangila 34 sun gwada inganci a mahakar ma’adinan, in ji  Liliana Ugarte , wacce ke shugabantar kungiyar ta 2. An kuma kebe wasu mutane 140, in ji ta.

Ma'aikatan hakar ma'adinai sun fara rashin lafiya a ranar 20 ga Afrilu, tare da gano abubuwan da ke kara karuwa a cikin 'yan makonnin nan, in ji Veliz. Tabbas, adadin kararraki kadan ne na ma'aikata - Chuquicamata yana da ma'aikata 4,000 da ma'aikatan waje 7,000.

A cikin wata rubutacciyar amsa, Codelco ta ce ta aiwatar da matakan kariya a Chuquicamata wanda ke ba shi damar ganowa da kuma ware ma'aikatan da ba su da lafiya cikin sauri da abokan huldar su. Yawancin cututtuka sun faru a wajen ma'adinan a lokutan hutu, in ji shi. Chuquicamata dai yana arewa da Calama a yankin Antofagasta, wanda aka samu karuwar masu kamuwa da cutar a 'yan makonnin nan.

Har yanzu, ma'adanai yawanci suna aiki tare da nisantar da jama'a fiye da, a ce, masu tattara nama. wadanda cutar ta fi kamari. Idan aka yi la’akari da hakar ma’adinan Kudancin Amurka na yin balaguro da bala’in cutar, taron na jan karfe na iya karewa yayin da kasar Sin ta sake bude tuta mai kyau da dangantaka tsakanin Beijing da Washington ta tabarbare.

"Haɗari ya wanzu - kamar cutar ta barke a gundumomin hakar ma'adinai," in ji BTG Pactual manazarci Cesar Perez. "Akwai yuwuwar gwamnati ta zama takura, amma idan aka yi la'akari da yadda kamfanoni masu dabarun suka kasance, hadarin da zai haifar da cikas ga samar da kayayyaki har yanzu yana da nisa."

Zaɓin Abun Mill Liner

Abubuwan da aka murkushe daban-daban, yanayin aiki daban-daban suna buƙatar nau'ikan kayan aiki daban-daban don dacewa. Har ila yau, ɗakin niƙa mai ƙaƙƙarfan daɗaɗɗen nika mai kyau yana buƙatar nau'in kayan aiki daban-daban.

H&G Machinery yana samar da kayan da za a jefar da injin niƙa naku:

Manganese Karfe

Abubuwan da ke cikin manganese na babban farantin ƙarfe na ƙarfe na ƙarfe na manganese gabaɗaya shine 11-14%, kuma abun cikin carbon gabaɗaya shine 0.90-1.50%, yawancin waɗanda ke sama da 1.0%. A ƙananan nauyin tasiri, taurin zai iya kaiwa HB300-400. A babban tasirin tasiri, taurin zai iya kaiwa HB500-800. Dangane da nauyin tasiri, zurfin daɗaɗɗen Layer zai iya kaiwa 10-20mm. Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi zai iya tsayayya da tasiri kuma ya rage lalacewa. Babban ƙarfe na manganese yana da kyakkyawan aiki na rigakafin lalacewa a ƙarƙashin yanayin tasirin tasiri mai ƙarfi, don haka ana amfani dashi sau da yawa a cikin sassa masu jurewa na ma'adinai, kayan gini, wutar lantarki, da sauran kayan aikin injiniya. A ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙananan yanayin tasiri, babban ƙarfe na manganese ba zai iya yin amfani da halayen kayan aiki ba saboda aikin hardening aiki ba a bayyane yake ba.

Haɗin Sinadari

 Mechanical Properties da metallographic tsarin

Ƙayyadaddun samfur

Chrome Alloy Karfe

Chromium alloy simintin ƙarfe an kasu kashi babban chromium gami simintin ƙarfe (abin ciki na chromium 8-26% carbon abun ciki 2.0-3.6%), matsakaici chromium gami 4-6% chromium abun ciki, carbon abun ciki 2.0-3.2%), low chromium. Nau'i uku na baƙin ƙarfe simintin ƙarfe (abincin chromium 1-3%, abun cikin carbon 2.1-3.6%). Babban fasalinsa shine cewa microhardness na M7C3 eutectic carbide shine HV1300-1800, wanda aka rarraba a cikin nau'in hanyar sadarwa mara kyau kuma an ware shi akan martensite (tsari mafi wuya a cikin matrix karfe) matrix, yana rage tasirin cleavage akan matrix. Saboda haka, babban-chromium alloy liner yana da babban ƙarfi, ƙarfin niƙa na ball, da juriya mai girma, kuma aikin sa yana wakiltar matakin mafi girma na kayan juriya na ƙarfe na yanzu.

Haɗin Sinadari

Mechanical Properties da metallographic tsarin

Ƙayyadaddun samfur

Cr-Mo Alloy Karfe

H&G Machinery yana amfani da Cr-Mo alloy karfe don jefa layin niƙa. Wannan kayan da ya dogara da ma'aunin Ostiraliya, (AS2074 Standard L2B, da AS2074 Standard L2C) yana ba da tasiri mai inganci da juriya a cikin duk aikace-aikacen niƙa na atomatik.

Haɗin Sinadari

Dukiya ta Jiki & Karamin tsari

Ni-hard Karfe

Ni-Hard farar simintin ƙarfe ne, wanda aka haɗa shi da nickel da chromium wanda ya dace da ƙarancin tasiri, ƙazanta mai zamiya don aikace-aikacen rigar da busassun duka. Ni-Hard abu ne mai jure lalacewa, wanda aka jefa cikin sifofi da sifofi waɗanda suka dace don amfani da su a cikin ɓarna da lalacewa da muhalli da aikace-aikace.

Haɗin Sinadari

Farar Karfe

Haɗin Sinadari

Dukiya ta Jiki & Karamin tsari

Idan kuna da binciken abu na musamman, da fatan za a tuntuɓi injiniyan mu don yi muku hidima!

Nick Sun        [email protected]