Tus kab mob Latin America nce siab ua rau lub ntiaj teb cov mines loj tshaj plaws muaj kev pheej hmoo
Qhov kev txiav txim siab kom kaw cov chaw tsim khoom hauv Suav teb tom qab Lub Xyoo Lunar New Year xa shudders los ntawm cov mines loj ntawm Brazil thiab Chile uas pub lawv. Tam sim no, nrog Tuam Tshoj tau rov qab mus ua haujlwm thiab Latin America tus kab mob tshiab kub kub, kev txhawj xeeb tau hloov pauv los ntawm kev thov mus rau khoom.
Iron ore shipper Vale SA tau muaj kev ntshai rau lub lim tiam dhau los vim nws yuav tsum tau tawm tsam kev sim los ntawm Brazilian tus kws lij choj kom kaw qhov chaw uas suav txog ib feem kaum ntawm nws cov khoom tsim tawm. Ib lub koomhaum ntawm tooj liab behemoth Codelco tau hais tias cov tswvcuab txhawj xeeb tias tseem muaj tus kabmob me me ntawm tus kabmob yuav kis mus.
Lub tswb nrov tau pib rov nrov dua hauv kev lag luam hlau raws li qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Latin America, nrog rau thaj tsam cov neeg nyob hauv nroog loj ntawm 600 lab suav txog li 40% ntawm cov neeg tuag niaj hnub thoob ntiaj teb. Qhov ntawd yog los ntawm lub sijhawm thaum Suav xav tau rov qab los thiab kev lag luam nruj. Chile yog lub exporter saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm tooj liab thiab Brazil yog tus thib ob loj tshaj shipper ntawm hlau ore.
"Mine mov teeb meem los ntawm Covid-19 hauv Latin America tseem nyob deb dhau lawm," Wenyu Yao, tus kws tshaj lij cov khoom lag luam loj ntawm ING Bank, tau hais hauv xov tooj los ntawm London. "Chile yog qhov tsis paub loj tam sim no."
Txog tam sim no, mining hnyav hnyav xws li Vale thiab Codelco tau tswj kom ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv los ntawm qhov tshwm sim, siv cov kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb yam tsis muaj kev tso tawm. Lwm cov mines hauv cheeb tsam uas tau kaw tam sim no rov qhib dua. Tab sis kev lag luam tau txais kev pab los ntawm cov neeg mob tsawg tsawg hauv cov neeg coob coob. Qhov ntawd tsis yog lawm.
Hnub Friday, qhov chaw hlau ore tau nce dhau $ 100 ib tuj raws li kev txhawj xeeb tias tus kabmob kis tau zoo tuaj yeem cuam tshuam Brazilian cov khoom lag luam zoo sib xws nrog kev txhawb nqa, kev xav tau zoo hauv cov tuam txhab steel sab saum toj Tuam Tshoj. Cov yav tom ntej tam sim no zoo li teeb tsa mus rau qib ntawd, ib yam nkaus, nrog rau daim ntawv cog lus hauv Singapore nce mus rau plaub hnub dhau los.
Brazil tau dhau los ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas nyob rau hauv cov mob tshiab coronavirus lub lim tiam dhau los, thiab tam sim no tus kab mob tau kis mus rau sab qaum teb xeev xws li Para, uas suav txog 8% ntawm cov khoom siv hlau thoob ntiaj teb. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis, Vale tau txiav nws cov lus qhia kev xa khoom vim huab cua tsis zoo thiab tus kab mob cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm.
Tus kab mob no kuj tau mus txog Brazil txoj kev lag luam ua nqaij, nrog JBS SA tau xaj kom kaw cov haujlwm ntawm ib tsob nroj hauv Rondonia lub xeev lub lim tiam dhau los hauv lub teb chaws thawj qhov chaw noj nqaij nyuj. Cov roj Brazilian kuj tau raug ntaus, nrog ze li 500 tus neeg mob uas tau lees paub thiab ib tus neeg tuag ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm sab nrauv, txawm hais tias kev tsim khoom tsis raug cuam tshuam.
Compounding Brazil kev noj qab haus huv kev puas tsuaj yog ib qho teeb meem kev nom kev tswv . Cov neeg tawm tsam tau tawm tsam ntawm txoj kev ntawm Sao Paulo Hnub Sunday thiab Thawj Tswj Hwm Jair Bolsonaro tau koom nrog kev tawm tsam tawm tsam Congress thiab Tsev Hais Plaub Siab.
"Covid-19 tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Brazil tsim kev txaus ntshai rau cov hlau ore khoom nyob rau lub asthiv tom ntej no, txawm tias mining raug tso cai ua lag luam tseem ceeb," Citigroup Inc. kws tshuaj ntsuam suav nrog Tracy Liao tau sau hauv tsab ntawv ceeb toom. "Kev kis kab mob ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm miner lossis cov tub ceev xwm hauv cheeb tsam kom txwv tsis pub muaj kev txwv ntau dua, uas tuaj yeem txwv kev tsim khoom lossis txawm tias kaw cov mines."
Lub caij no, qhov chaw nres nkoj khaws cia ntawm cov hlau ore hauv Suav teb tau txuas ntxiv poob thiab Suav cov kev xav tau steel tau zoo dua qub nyob rau ob lub hlis dhau los, cuam tshuam los ntawm cov khoom muag poob. Txawm hais tias tus nqi yuav nyob twj ywm ntev dua, Citigroup tuav nws qhov kev xav tsis zoo, kwv yees tus nqi yuav poob mus rau $ 70 ib tuj thaum kawg ntawm 2020, nrog Vale xav tias yuav tswj tau qhov tshwm sim zoo.
Hauv cov lus teb rau cov lus nug, Vale tau rov hais dua cov lus qhia kev tsim khoom txhua xyoo ntawm 310 lab rau 330 lab tons, uas cuam tshuam rau kev pheej hmoo kis thoob qhov txhia chaw xws li kev tsis tuaj kawm ntau dua thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm kev txwv nruj dua hauv Brazil. Lub tuam txhab tseem tau muab kev txhawb nqa nyiaj txiag rau nws cov saw hlau thiab cov khoom siv kho mob tuaj txawv teb chaws rau cov cheeb tsam uas nws ua haujlwm. Zoo li Codelco, Vale tau siv cov kev ntsuas kev sib raug zoo, kev tua kab mob hauv chaw ua haujlwm, tshuaj xyuas thiab kuaj.
Nws yog ib zaj dab neeg zoo sib xws hauv tooj liab raws li kev txhawb nqa-sab cov ntaub ntawv txhawb nqa rov qab. Hnub Monday, tooj liab yav tom ntej tau mus txog qib siab tshaj txij li thaum nruab nrab Lub Peb Hlis tom qab tsim cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Tuam Tshoj taw qhia txog kev rov qab los txuas ntxiv.
Chile's Codelco tau tswj kom ua haujlwm nyob ze rau tus nqi ib txwm, pab tiv thaiv kev lag luam kom nruj ntxiv. Tab sis kev tswj hwm cov khoom lag luam yuav nyuaj dua li Covid-19 cov neeg mob hauv lub tebchaws tau nce ntxiv. Nrog cov pej xeem ntawm tsuas yog 18 lab, Chile tau tshaj tawm cov xwm txheej tshiab ntawm ib tus neeg nyob hauv ib qho kev sib piv nrog Spain ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib kis thaum lub Peb Hlis, thawb cov tsev kho mob mus rau kev sib tsoo thiab ua rau cov tub ceev xwm nruj nruj.
Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Codelco's Chuquicamata mine muaj kev txhawj xeeb tias tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab mob, thaum tseem me, yuav loj hlob, Miguel Veliz, tus thawj coj ntawm Union No. 3, tau hais hauv xov tooj.
Kaum tsib tus neeg ua haujlwm thiab 34 tus neeg ua haujlwm cog lus tau kuaj pom qhov zoo ntawm lub mine, hais tias Liliana Ugarte , tus thawj coj ntawm Union No. 2. Lwm 140 tus neeg raug cais tawm, nws hais.
Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv kuv tau pib mob lub Plaub Hlis 20, nrog kev tshawb pom nrawm dua nyob rau lub asthiv tsis ntev los no, Veliz tau hais. Kom paub meej, cov neeg mob yog ib feem me me ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm - Chuquicamata muaj 4,000 tus neeg ua haujlwm thiab 7,000 tus neeg ua haujlwm tawm.
Hauv tsab ntawv teb, Codelco tau hais tias nws tau siv cov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm Chuquicamata uas tso cai rau nws tshawb pom sai thiab cais cov neeg ua haujlwm mob thiab lawv cov neeg sib cuag. Feem ntau cov kab mob tshwm sim sab nraum kuv lub sijhawm so, nws hais. Chuquicamata tsuas yog sab qaum teb ntawm Calama hauv thaj av Antofagasta, uas tau pom muaj qhov nce siab hauv cov xwm txheej tsis ntev los no.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov mines feem ntau ua haujlwm nrog kev sib txawv ntau dua li, hais, cov khoom ntim nqaij. uas tau raug mob hnyav dua los ntawm tus kab mob. Piv txwv tias South American mines taug kev mus rau kev sib kis, kev sib tw tooj liab tuaj yeem khiav tawm ntawm chav nrog Tuam Tshoj txoj kev rov qhib tau zoo thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm Beijing thiab Washington tsis zoo.
"Kev pheej hmoo muaj tshwm sim - zoo li tus kabmob kis thoob qhov txhia chaw," BTG Pactual kws tshuaj ntsuam Cesar Perez tau hais. "Yuav muaj peev xwm ua tau qhov twg tsoomfwv yuav txwv tsis pub, tab sis muab cov tuam txhab lag luam zoo li cas, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau kev tsim khoom tseem nyob deb rau tam sim no."
Pob Zeb Zeb Liner Khoom Xaiv
Cov khoom sib txawv crushed, txawv kev ua haujlwm xav tau cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv kom haum. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntxhib sib tsoo compartment thiab nplua sib tsoo compartment xav tau cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv.
H&G Machinery muab cov khoom hauv qab no los nrum koj lub pob zeb liner:
Manganese hlau
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov manganese steel pob zeb hauv ob sab phlu yog feem ntau 11-14%, thiab cov ntsiab lus carbon feem ntau yog 0.90-1.50%, feem ntau yog siab dua 1.0%. Ntawm qhov cuam tshuam qis, qhov hardness tuaj yeem ncav cuag HB300-400. Thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam loj, lub hardness tuaj yeem ncav cuag HB500-800. Nyob ntawm qhov cuam tshuam, qhov tob ntawm txheej txheej hardened tuaj yeem ncav cuag 10-20mm. Lub hardened txheej nrog siab hardness tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam thiab txo qis hnav. High manganese steel muaj kev ua tau zoo los tiv thaiv kev hnav zoo nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev cuam tshuam zoo abrasive hnav, yog li nws feem ntau siv rau hauv qhov hnav-tiv taus ntawm cov mining, cov khoom siv, thermal zog, thiab lwm yam khoom siv kho tshuab. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam, siab manganese hlau tsis tuaj yeem ua rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv vim tias kev ua haujlwm hardening tsis pom tseeb.
Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg
| Lub npe | Chemical Composition (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Cu | P | S | |
| Mn14 Mill Liner | 0.9-1.5 hli | 0.3-1.0 | 11-14 | 0-2.5 hli | 0-0.5 hli | ≤ 0.05 | ≤ 0.06 | ≤ 0.06 |
| Mn18 Zeb Liner | 1.0-1.5 hli | 0.3-1.0 | 16-19 | 0-2.5 hli | 0-0.5 hli | ≤ 0.05 | ≤ 0.06 | ≤ 0.06 |
Mechanical zog thiab metallographic qauv
| Lub npe | Surface Hardness (HB) | Tus nqi cuam tshuam Ak (J / cm2) | Microstructure |
| Mn14 Mill Liner | ≤ 240 | ≥100 | A + C |
| Mn18 Zeb Liner | ≤ 260 | ≥150 | A + C |
| C -Carbide | Carbide A-Retained austenite | Austenite | |||
Khoom specification
| Loj | Qhov Dia.(mm) | Liner Ntev (mm) | ||
| ≤ 40 | ≥40 | ≤250 | ≥250 | |
| Ua siab ntev | +20 | +30 | +20 | +30 |
Chrome Alloy hlau
Chromium alloy cam khwb cia hlau muab faib ua high chromium alloy cam khwb cia hlau (chromium ntsiab lus 8-26% carbon ntsiab lus 2.0-3.6%), nruab nrab chromium alloy cam khwb cia hlau (chromium ntsiab lus 4-6%, carbon ntsiab lus 2.0-3.2%), tsawg chromium Peb hom alloy cam khwb cia hlau (chromium ntsiab lus 1-3%, cov ntsiab lus carbon 2.1-3.6%). Nws qhov zoo tshaj plaws feature yog hais tias lub microhardness ntawm M7C3 eutectic carbide yog HV1300-1800, uas yog faib nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug tawg network thiab cais nyob rau hauv lub martensite (lub hardest qauv nyob rau hauv cov hlau matrix) matrix, txo cov cleavage nyhuv ntawm matrix. Yog li ntawd, high-chromium alloy liner muaj lub zog siab, pob zeb toughness, thiab siab hnav tsis kam, thiab nws qhov kev ua tau zoo sawv cev rau qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv hlau tam sim no.
Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg
| Lub npe | Chemical Composition (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Cu | P | S | |
| High Chrome Alloy Liner | 2.0-3.6 | 0-1.0 Nws | 0-2.0 Nws | 8–26 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤ 0.06 | ≤ 0.06 |
| Nruab nrab Chrome Alloy Liner | 2.0-3.3 | 0-1.2 hli | 0-2.0 Nws | 4-8 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤ 0.06 | ≤ 0.06 |
| Tsawg Chrome Alloy Liner | 2.1-3.6 | 0-1.5 hli | 0-2.0 Nws | 1-3 | 0-1.0 Nws | ≤1.2 | ≤ 0.06 | ≤ 0.06 |
Mechanical zog thiab metallographic qauv
| Lub npe | Nto (HRC) Ak (J / cm2) | Microstructure | ||||
| High Chrome Alloy Liner | ≥58 | ≥3.5 | M+C+A | |||
| Nruab nrab Chrome Alloy Liner | ≥48 | ≥10 | M+C | |||
| Tsawg Chrome Alloy Liner | ≥45 | ≥15 | M+C+P | |||
| M- Martensite | C - Carbide | A-Austenite | P-Pearlite | |||
Khoom specification
| Loj | Qhov Dia.(mm) Liner Length (mm) | |||
| ≤ 40 | ≥40 | ≤250 | ≥250 | |
| Ua siab ntev | +20 | +30 | +20 | +30 |
Cr-Mo Alloy hlau
H&G Machinery siv Cr-Mo alloy hlau los nrum pob zeb liner. Cov khoom siv no raws li Australia tus qauv, (AS2074 Standard L2B, thiab AS2074 Standard L2C) nws muab kev cuam tshuam zoo dua thiab hnav tsis kam nyob rau hauv txhua daim ntawv thov semi-autogenous milling.
Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg
| Code | Chemical Elements (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Cu | P | S | |
| L2B | 0.6-0.9 hli | 0.4-0.7 hli | 0.6-1.0 | 1.8-2.1 | 0.2-0.4 hli | 0.3-0.5 hli | ≤ 0.04 | ≤ 0.06 |
| L2C | 0.3-0.45 Nws | 0.4-0.7 hli | 1.3-1.6 | 2.5-3.2 | 0.6-0.8 hli | 0.3-0.5 hli | ≤ 0.04 | ≤ 0.06 |
Physical Property & Microstructure
| Code | Hardness (HB) | Ak (J / cm2) | Microstructure |
| L2B | 325-375 : kuv | ≥50 | P |
| L2C | 350-400 Nws | ≥75 | M |
| M-Martensite, C-Carbide, A-Austenite, P-Pearlite | |||
Ni-Hard Steel
Ni-Hard yog ib qho dawb cam khwb cia hlau, alloyed nrog npib tsib xee thiab chromium haum rau qhov tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam, zawv zawg abrasion rau ob qho tib si ntub thiab qhuav. Ni-Hard yog cov khoom siv hnav-resistant, cam khwb cia rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov duab uas zoo tagnrho rau siv nyob rau hauv abrasive thiab hnav ib puag ncig thiab kev siv.
Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg
| Lub npe | C | Si | Mn | Ni | Cr | S | P | Mo | Hardness |
| Ni-Hard AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 1-550 | 3.2-3.6 | 0.3-0.8 hli | 0.2-0.8 hli | 3.0-5.0 | 1.5-3.0 Nws | ≤ 0.12 | ≤ 0.15 | ≤0.5 | 550-600 HBN |
| Ni-Hard AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 2-550 | 2.8-3.2 | 0.3-0.8 hli | 0.2-0.8 hli | 3.0-5.0 | 1.5-3.0 Nws | ≤ 0.12 | ≤ 0.15 | ≤0.5 | 500-550 HBN |
| Ni-Hard AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 2-550 | 3.2-3.6 | 1.5-2.2 | 0.2-0.8 hli | 4.0-5.5 | 8.0-10.0 Nws | ≤ 0.12 | ≤ 0.15 | ≤0.5 | 630-670 HBN |
Dawb Hlau Hlau
Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg
| Lub npe | Chemical Composition (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Cu | P | S | |
| Dawb Hlau Hlau Liner | 2.0-3.3 | 0-0.8 hli | ≤ 2.0 | 12-26 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤ 0.06 | ≤ 0.06 |
Physical Property & Microstructure
| Lub npe | HRC | Ak(J/cm2) | Microstructure |
| Dawb Hlau Hlau Liner | ≥58 | ≥3.5 | M+C+A |
| M-Martensite C-Carbide A-Austenite | |||
Yog tias koj muaj lus nug tshwj xeeb, thov hu rau peb tus engineer los pab koj!
Nick Sun [email protected]
Post lub sij hawm: Jun-19-2020