Kuwedzera kwehutachiona hweLatin America kunoisa zvimbambaira zvepasi rose panjodzi
Sarudzo yekuchengeta mafekitori eChina akavharwa mushure meLunar New Year atumira kudedera nemumigodhi mikuru yeBrazil neChile inovapa chikafu. Ikozvino, neChina ichidzokera kubasa uye Latin America hutachiona hutsva hunopisa nzvimbo, kushushikana kuri kusimuka kubva pakudiwa kuenda kugovera.
Iron ore shipper Vale SA aive nekutya svondo rapfuura sezvo yaifanira kudzivirira kuyedza kwevachuchisi vekuBrazil kuvhara yakaoma inoverengera chegumi chekubuda kwayo. Mubatanidzwa wemhangura behemoth Codelco yakati nhengo dziri kunetsekana kuti kuchiri kudiki kubuda kwehutachiona kuchapararira.
Mabhero eAlarm ari kutanga kurira zvakare mumisika yesimbi sezvo denda richiputika muLatin America, nedunhu rine vanhu vane mamirioni mazana matanhatu vanoverengera makumi mana muzana ekufa kwemazuva ese pasi rose. Izvo zviri kuuya panguva iyo kudiwa kweChinese kuri kupora uye misika inoomesa. Chile ndiyo inonyanya kutengesa mhangura uye Brazil ndiyo yechipiri pakukura mutakuri wesimbi.
"Matambudziko ekupa migodhi kubva kuCovid-19 kuLatin America haasati apera," Wenyu Yao, mukuru wezvekutengesa zvinhu kuING Bank, akadaro parunhare kubva kuLondon. "Chile yave kuzivikanwa zvakanyanya."
Parizvino, zvicherwa zvinorema seVale neCodelco vakakwanisa kuenderera mberi nekushanda kuburikidza nekubuda, vachitora matanho ekuchengetedza pasina kumira mushe. Mimwe migodhi mudunhu iyo yakavharwa yava kuvhurwa. Asi indasitiri iyi yakabatsirwa nehuwandu hwakaderera hwehurwere muhuwandu hwakawanda. Hazvisisiri izvo.
NeChishanu, ore yesimbi yakapfuura zana remadhora patani sekunetsekana kuti denda rinogona kumisa kupihwa kweBrazil kunoenderana nekudiwa kwakasimba mukugadzira simbi yepamusoro China. Ramangwana rave kutaridzika kurova nhanho iyoyo, zvakare, nechibvumirano muSingapore chiri kufambira mberi kwemazuva mana apfuura.
Brazil yakapfuura US muzviitiko zvitsva zveconavirus svondo rapfuura, uye chirwere ichi chave kupararira munzvimbo dzekuchamhembe sePara, iyo inoita 8% yepasi rose iron ore. Muna Kubvumbi, Vale yakacheka kutungamira kwayo nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze akaipa uye kukanganisa kwehutachiona pakushanda.
Chirwere ichi chasvikawo kuindasitiri yekugadzira nyama yekuBrazil, JBS SA yakaraira kuti ivhare mashandiro pachirimwa chiri mudunhu reRondonia svondo rapfuura mukuvhara kwekutanga kwenzvimbo yemombe. Oiri yeBrazil yakarohwawo, paine mazana mashanu akasimbiswa makesi uye kufa kumwe chete pakati pevashandi vekumahombekombe, kunyangwe kugadzirwa kusati kwakanganiswa.
Kuwedzera njodzi yehutano hweBrazil idambudziko rinogona kuitika rezvematongerwo enyika . Varatidziri vakapokana mumigwagwa yeSao Paulo Svondo uye Mutungamiri Jair Bolsonaro vakapinda mukuratidzira vachipokana neCongress neDare Repamusorosoro.
"Kupararira kweCovid-19 muBrazil kunogadzira njodzi dzinooneka dzekupa iron ore mumavhiki anouya, kunyangwe migodhi ichibvumidzwa kushanda sebhizinesi rakakosha," vaongorori veCitigroup Inc. vanosanganisira Tracy Liao vakanyora mushumo. "Kuwedzera kwehutachiona pakati pevashandi kunogona kuita kuti vashandi vemumigodhi kana zviremera zvemunharaunda vatemeke nzvimbo dzekugara, izvo zvinogona kudzikamisa goho kana kuvhara migodhi."
Zvichakadaro, chiteshi chezvikepe chesimbi muChina chakaramba chichidzikira uye kudiwa kwesimbi kweChinese kwakavandudzika zvakanyanya mumwedzi miviri yadarika, zvichiratidzwa nekudonha kwezvinhu. Kunyangwe mitengo inogona kuramba yakasimudzwa kwenguva yakareba, Citigroup inochengetedza maonero ayo, ichifungidzira kuti mitengo ichadonha kusvika pamadhora makumi manomwe patani pakupera kwa2020, Vale vachitarisirwa kubata denda zvakanaka.
Mukupindura mibvunzo, Vale akadzokorora kutungamira kwegore rekugadzira kwemamiriyoni mazana matatu negumi kusvika mazana matatu nemakumi matatu emamiriyoni ematani, izvo zvinokonzeresa njodzi dzedenda senge kusaenda zvakanyanya uye mukana wekutemerwa zvirambidzo muBrazil. Kambani iyi yakapawo rutsigiro rwemari kune yayo yekutenga nemidziyo yehutano kubva kunze kwenyika kumatunhu kwainoshanda. Kufanana neCodelco, Vale akaita nhanho dzekubvisa utachiona munzvimbo yebasa, kuongorora uye kuyedzwa.
Iyo inyaya yakafanana mumhangura sekutsigira kudiwa-parutivi data rinopisa rebound. NeMuvhuro, ramangwana remhangura rakasvika padanho repamusoro kubva pakati paKurume mushure mekugadzira data kubva kuChina yakaratidza kupora.
Codelco yekuChile yakakwanisa kuramba ichishanda padhuze nemitengo yakajairwa, zvichibatsira kudzivirira misika kuti isarambe ichiwedzera. Asi kuchengetedza kuburitsa kunogona kuoma zvakanyanya sezvo Covid-19 kesi mukuvhiya kwenyika. Iine huwandu hwevanhu vanongosvika miriyoni gumi nemasere, Chile iri kuzivisa nyaya nyowani pa-per-capita padanho rakafanana nereSpain padanho repamusoro rekupararira munaKurume, zvichisunda zvipatara kuti zvipunzike uye zvichiita kuti zviremera zvisimbise zvirambidzo.
Vashandi vemugodhi weCodelco's Chuquicamata vari kunetsekana kuti huwandu hwehutachiona, huchiri hudiki, huchakura, Miguel Veliz, director we Union No. 3, akadaro parunhare.
Vashandi gumi nevashanu uye 34 vashandi vekondirakiti vakaedza zvakanaka pamugodhi, akadaro Liliana Ugarte , anotungamira Union No. 2. Vamwe vanhu zana nemakumi mana vakavharirwa, akadaro.
Vashandi vemugodhi vakatanga kurwara Kubvumbi 20, nekuonekwa kuri kuwedzera mumavhiki apfuura, Veliz akadaro. Kuti ave nechokwadi, nhamba yezviitiko chikamu chiduku chevashandi - Chuquicamata ine 4,000 vashandi uye 7,000 vashandi vekunze.
Mumhinduro yakanyorwa, Codelco yakati yakashandisa zvidziviriro zvekudzivirira kuChuquicamata izvo zvinoibvumidza kuti ione nekukasira vashandi vanorwara nevanovabata. Hutachiona hwakawanda hwakaitika kunze kwemugodhi munguva dzekuzorora, akadaro. Chuquicamata ingori kuchamhembe kweCalama mudunhu reAntofagasta, iyo yakaona kukwira kwakanyanya kwemakesi mumavhiki apfuura.
Zvakadaro, zvimbambaira zvinogara zvichishanda nekushamwaridzana kwakakura kupfuura, toti, vanotakura nyama. avo vakanyanya kubatwa nehutachiona. Tichifunga kuti migodhi yeSouth America inofamba nedenda, rally yemhangura inogona kupera simba nekuvhurwa kweChina kwakanyatso mureza uye hukama pakati peBeijing neWashington huchidzikira.
"Njodzi iripo - senge denda riri kubuda mumatunhu emigodhi," akadaro muongorori weBTG Pactual Cesar Perez. "Panogona kuve nemukana wekuti hurumende inoomesera, asi nemaitiro akave nemakambani, njodzi yekuvhiringwa zvine mutsindo pakugadzirwa ichiri kure."
Ball Mill Liner Material Sarudzo
Yakasiyana yakapwanyika zvinhu, akasiyana ekushanda mamiriro anoda akasiyana zvinhu liner kuti aenderane. Zvakare, iyo yakakasharara yekukuya compartment uye yakanaka yekukuya compartment inoda akasiyana matinji.
H&G Michina inopa zvinotevera zvinhu kukanda yako bhora chigayo liner:
Manganese Steel
Iyo manganese yemukati meyakakwira manganese simbi bhora chigayo lining plate inowanzo 11-14%, uye iyo kabhoni yemukati inowanzo 0.90-1.50%, mazhinji ayo ari pamusoro pe1. Pamitoro yakaderera, kuoma kunogona kusvika HB300-400. Pakukwirisa mitoro, kuoma kunogona kusvika HB500-800. Zvichienderana nekutakura mutoro, kudzika kweiyo yakaomeswa layer inogona kusvika 10-20mm. Iyo yakaomeswa layer ine kuomarara kwakanyanya inogona kuramba kukanganisa uye kuderedza abrasive kupfeka. Yakakwira manganese simbi ine yakanakisa anti-kupfeka mashandiro pasi pemamiriro eiyo yakasimba kukanganisa abrasive kupfeka, saka inowanzoshandiswa munzvimbo dzisingapfeki dzemigodhi, zvekuvaka, simba rekupisa, uye zvimwe zvemichina. Pasi pemamiriro ekuderera kwemamiriro ezvinhu, yakakwira manganese simbi haigone kuita hunhu hwechigadzirwa nekuti basa rekuomesa mhedzisiro haisi pachena.
Kuumbwa Kwemakemikari
| Zita | Kuumbwa Kwemakemikari (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Cu | P | S | |
| Mn14 Mill Liner | 0.9-1.5 | 0.3-1.0 | 11-14 | 0-2.5 | 0-0.5 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
| Mn18 Mill Liner | 1.0-1.5 | 0.3-1.0 | 16-19 | 0-2.5 | 0-0.5 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
Mechanical properties uye metallographic structure
| Zita | Kuoma Kwepamusoro (HB) | Impact value Ak (J/cm2) | Microstructure |
| Mn14 Mill Liner | ≤240 | ≥100 | A+C |
| Mn18 Mill Liner | ≤260 | ≥150 | A+C |
| C -Carbide | Carbide A-Yakachengetwa austenite | Austenite | |||
Product specification
| Size | Hole Dia. (mm) | Liner Length (mm) | ||
| ≤40 | ≥40 | ≤250 | ≥250 | |
| Kushivirira | +20 | +30 | +2 | +3 |
Chrome Alloy Steel
Chromium alloy cast iron yakakamurwa kuita yakakwira chromium alloy cast iron (chromium content 8-26% carbon content 2.0-3.6%), medium chromium alloy cast iron (chromium content 4-6%, carbon content 2.0-3.2%), yakaderera chromium Mhando nhatu dzealloy cast iron (chromium content 1-3%, carbon content 2.1-3.6%). Chinhu chayo chinoshamisa ndechekuti microhardness yeM7C3 eutectic carbide iHV1300-1800, iyo inogoverwa muchimiro chetambo yakaputsika uye yakaparadzaniswa pane martensite (iyo yakaoma zvikuru musimbi matrix) matrix, kuderedza cleavage effect pamatrix. Naizvozvo, iyo yakakwira-chromium alloy liner ine simba rakawanda, bhora rehuyo kusimba, uye yakakwirira kupfeka kuramba, uye kuita kwayo kunomiririra nhanho yepamusoro yezvinhu zvazvino zvesimbi zvinopfekwa.
Kuumbwa Kwemakemikari
| Zita | Kuumbwa Kwemakemikari (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Cu | P | S | |
| Yakakwira Chrome Alloy Liner | 2.0-3.6 | 0-1.0 | 0-2.0 | 8-26 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
| Middle Chrome Alloy Liner | 2.0-3.3 | 0-1.2 | 0-2.0 | 4-8 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
| Yakaderera Chrome Alloy Liner | 2.1-3.6 | 0-1.5 | 0-2.0 | 1-3 | 0-1.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
Mechanical properties uye metallographic structure
| Zita | Surface (HRC) Ak (J/cm2) | Microstructure | ||||
| Yakakwira Chrome Alloy Liner | ≥58 | ≥3.5 | M+C+A | |||
| Middle Chrome Alloy Liner | ≥48 | ≥10 | M+C | |||
| Yakaderera Chrome Alloy Liner | ≥45 | ≥15 | M+C+P | |||
| M-Martensite | C - Carbide | A-Austenite | P-Pearlite | |||
Product specification
| Size | Hole Dia. (mm) Liner Length (mm) | |||
| ≤40 | ≥40 | ≤250 | ≥250 | |
| Kushivirira | +20 | +30 | +2 | +3 |
Cr-Mo Alloy Steel
H&G Michina inoshandisa Cr-Mo alloy simbi kukanda bhora rechigayo liner. Ichi chinyorwa chakavakirwa pachiyero cheAustralia, (AS2074 Standard L2B, uye AS2074 Standard L2C) inopa hukuru hwekuita uye kuramba kupfeka mune ese semi-autogenous milling application.
Kuumbwa Kwemakemikari
| Code | Chemical Elements (%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Cu | P | S | |
| L2B | 0.6-0.9 | 0.4-0.7 | 0.6-1.0 | 1.8-2.1 | 0.2-0.4 | 0.3-0.5 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.06 |
| L2C | 0.3-0.45 | 0.4-0.7 | 1.3-1.6 | 2.5-3.2 | 0.6-0.8 | 0.3-0.5 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.06 |
Zvenyama Zvivakwa & Microstructure
| Code | Kuoma (HB) | Ak (J/cm2) | Microstructure |
| L2B | 325-375 | ≥50 | P |
| L2C | 350-400 | ≥75 | M |
| M-Martensite, C-Carbide, A-Austenite, P-Pearlite | |||
Ni-hard Steel
Ni-Hard isimbi chena yakakandwa, yakasanganiswa nickel uye chromium inokodzera kushomeka, inotsvedza abrasion kune ese akanyorova uye akaoma maapplication. Ni-Hard chinhu chakanyanya kupfeka-chinodzivirira, chakakandwa mumafomu uye zvimiro izvo zvakanakira kushandiswa munzvimbo dzinoshungurudza uye kupfeka uye mashandisirwo.
Kuumbwa Kwemakemikari
| Zita | C | Si | Mn | Ni | Cr | S | P | Mo | Kuoma |
| Ni-Hard AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 1-550 | 3.2-3.6 | 0.3-0.8 | 0.2-0.8 | 3.0-5.0 | 1.5-3.0 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.5 | 550-600HBN |
| Ni-Hard AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 2-550 | 2.8-3.2 | 0.3-0.8 | 0.2-0.8 | 3.0-5.0 | 1.5-3.0 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.5 | 500-550HBN |
| Ni-Hard AS2027 Gr Ni Cr 2-550 | 3.2-3.6 | 1.5-2.2 | 0.2-0.8 | 4.0-5.5 | 8.0-10.0 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.5 | 630-670HBN |
White Iron Steel
Kuumbwa Kwemakemikari
| Zita | Muumbi weKemikari(%) | |||||||
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Cu | P | S | |
| White Iron Steel Liner | 2.0-3.3 | 0-0.8 | ≤2.0 | 12-26 | ≤3.0 | ≤1.2 | ≤0.06 | ≤0.06 |
Zvenyama Zvivakwa & Microstructure
| Zita | HRC | Ak(J/cm2) | Microstructure |
| White Iron Steel Liner | ≥58 | ≥3.5 | M+C+A |
| M-Martensite C- Carbide A-Austenite | |||
Kana iwe uine yakakosha kubvunza zvinhu, ndapota taura injinjini yedu kuti ikushumire!
Nick Sun [email protected]
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-19-2020