Kuphulika kwa ma virus ku Latin America kuyika migodi yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi pachiwopsezo

Lingaliro lotseka mafakitole aku China pambuyo pa Chaka Chatsopano cha Lunar lidatumiza migodi yayikulu yaku Brazil ndi Chile yomwe imawadyetsa. Tsopano, China ikubwerera kuntchito komanso Latin America malo omwe akhudzidwa ndi kachilomboka, nkhawa ikusintha kuchoka pakufunidwa kupita pakupereka.

Wonyamula Iron ore Vale SA anali ndi mantha sabata yatha chifukwa adayenera kuthana ndi zoyesayesa za otsutsa aku Brazil kuti atseke zovuta zomwe zimapangitsa gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi. Mgwirizano wapa copper behemoth Codelco wati mamembala ali ndi nkhawa kuti kachilomboka kakufalikirabe.

Mabelu odzidzimutsa akuyambanso kulira m'misika yazitsulo pomwe mliri ukuphulika ku Latin America, pomwe anthu okhala m'matauni okwana 600 miliyoni akuwerengera pafupifupi 40% yaimfa zatsiku ndi tsiku padziko lonse lapansi. Izi zikubwera panthawi yomwe zofuna zaku China zikuchira ndipo misika ikukulirakulira. Dziko la Chile ndilomwe limagulitsa mkuwa kunja kwambiri ndipo dziko la Brazil ndi lachiwiri pazambiri zonyamula miyala yachitsulo.

"Mavuto operekera migodi kuchokera ku Covid-19 ku Latin America sanathebe," a Wenyu Yao, katswiri wazogulitsa zinthu ku ING Bank, adatero pafoni kuchokera ku London. "Chile sichikudziwika tsopano."

Pakadali pano, zolemetsa zamigodi monga Vale ndi Codelco zakwanitsa kupitilizabe kugwira ntchito panthawiyi, kutengera njira zachitetezo popanda kuyimitsidwa. Migodi ina m'dera lomwe idatsekedwa tsopano ikutsegulidwanso. Koma makampaniwa athandizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa matenda pakati pa anthu ambiri. Sizilinso choncho.

Lachisanu, chitsulo chachitsulo chinadutsa $100 tani chifukwa chodetsa nkhawa kuti mliriwu ukhoza kulepheretsa kupezeka kwa Brazil kugwirizana ndi kufunikira kwamphamvu kwa opanga zitsulo ku China. Tsogolo tsopano likuwoneka kuti lifika pamlingo womwewo, nawonso, ndi mgwirizano ku Singapore ukupita patsogolo kwa masiku anayi apitawa.

Dziko la Brazil lidaposa US pamilandu yatsopano ya coronavirus sabata yatha, ndipo matendawa akufalikira kumadera akumpoto monga Para, yomwe imapanga 8% yazakudya zachitsulo padziko lonse lapansi. Mu Epulo, Vale adadula chiwongolero chake chotumizira chifukwa cha nyengo yoyipa komanso momwe kachilomboka kamayambitsa ntchito.

Matendawa afikanso pamakampani opanga nyama ku Brazil, pomwe JBS SA idalamula kuti atseke ntchito pafakitale ina m'boma la Rondonia sabata yatha m'malo otseka koyamba malo opangira ng'ombe mdzikolo. Mafuta aku Brazil nawonso akhudzidwa, pomwe milandu pafupifupi 500 yatsimikizika ndi imfa imodzi mwa ogwira ntchito kunyanja, ngakhale kupanga sikunakhudzidwe.

Compounding Brazil’s health disaster is a potential political Zomwe zikuwonjezera mavuto . Otsutsa adakangana m'misewu ya Sao Paulo Lamlungu ndipo Purezidenti Jair Bolsonaro adachita nawo ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi Congress ndi Khothi Lalikulu.

"Mliri wa Covid-19 ku Brazil umapangitsa kuti pakhale ngozi zowoneka bwino pakuperekedwa kwachitsulo m'masabata akubwerawa, ngakhale migodi ikuloledwa kugwira ntchito ngati yofunika," ofufuza a Citigroup Inc. kuphatikiza Tracy Liao adalemba lipoti. "Kuchulukana kwa matenda pakati pa ogwira ntchito kungapangitse ogwira ntchito m'migodi kapena akuluakulu aboma kuti akhazikitse anthu movutikira, zomwe zitha kuchepetsa zokolola kapena kutseka migodi."

Pakadali pano, milu yachitsulo yachitsulo ku China ikupitilirabe kutsika ndipo kufunikira kwazitsulo zaku China kwakwera kwambiri m'miyezi iwiri yapitayi, zomwe zikuwonetsedwa ndi kuchepa kwazinthu. Ngakhale mitengo ingakhale yokwezeka kwa nthawi yayitali, Citigroup imasungabe malingaliro ake, ikulosera kuti mitengo idzatsika mpaka $70 patani pakutha kwa 2020, Vale akuyembekezeka kuyendetsa bwino mliriwu.

Poyankha mafunso, a Vale adabwerezanso kuwongolera kwapachaka kwa matani 310 miliyoni mpaka 330 miliyoni, zomwe zimayambitsa ziwopsezo zamiliri monga kujomba kusukulu komanso kuthekera koletsa ziletso ku Brazil. Kampaniyo yaperekanso thandizo lazachuma kumayendedwe ake komanso zida zachipatala zomwe zatumizidwa kumadera omwe imagwira ntchito. Monga Codelco, Vale wakhazikitsa njira zopezera anthu anzawo, kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuntchito, kuyesa ndi kuyesa.

Ndi nkhani yofanana ndi yamkuwa ngati data yothandizira mbali imathandizira kubweza. Lolemba,  tsogolo lamkuwa  lidafika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri kuyambira pakati pa Marichi pambuyo popanga zambiri kuchokera ku China zidawonetsa kuchira.

Codelco yaku Chile yakwanitsa kupitiliza kugwira ntchito moyandikira mitengo yabwinobwino, kuthandiza kuti misika isakhwime. Koma kusunga zotuluka kumatha kukhala kovuta kwambiri pamene milandu ya Covid-19 ikuchulukirachulukira mdziko. Ndi anthu okwana 18 miliyoni okha, Chile ikupereka lipoti la milandu yatsopano pamunthu aliyense pamlingo wofanana ndi waku Spain pachimake cha kufalikira mu Marichi, kupangitsa zipatala kugwa ndikupangitsa akuluakulu kuti aziletsa.

Ogwira ntchito ku mgodi wa Codelco Chuquicamata ali ndi nkhawa kuti kuchuluka kwa matenda, akadali ochepa, akukula, Miguel Veliz, director of Union No. 3, adatero pafoni.

Ogwira ntchito khumi ndi asanu ndi ogwira ntchito m'makontrakitala 34 adayezetsa kuti ali ndi vuto pamgodiwo, adatero  Liliana Ugarte , yemwe amatsogolera Union No.

Ogwira ntchito m'migodi adayamba kudwala pa Epulo 20, ndipo kuzindikira kukuchulukirachulukira m'masabata aposachedwa, adatero Veliz. Kunena zowona, kuchuluka kwa milandu ndi gawo laling'ono la ogwira ntchito - Chuquicamata ili ndi antchito 4,000 ndi 7,000 ogwira ntchito kunja.

Poyankha, Codelco idati idakhazikitsa njira zodzitetezera ku Chuquicamata zomwe zimalola kuti izindikire mwachangu ndikupatula ogwira ntchito odwala ndi omwe amalumikizana nawo. Matenda ambiri amapezeka kunja kwa mgodi panthawi yopuma, adatero. Chuquicamata ili kumpoto kwa Calama m'chigawo cha Antofagasta, chomwe chakwera kwambiri m'masabata aposachedwa.

Komabe, migodi imagwira ntchito motalikirana kwambiri kuposa, tinene, onyamula nyama. omwe adakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kachilomboka. Pongoganiza kuti migodi yaku South America ikuyenda ndi mliriwu, msonkhano wamkuwa ukhoza kutha ndi kutsegulidwanso kwa China komwe kuli ndi mbiri komanso ubale pakati pa Beijing ndi Washington ukuyamba kuchepa.

"Chiwopsezo chilipo - monga mliri womwe ukutuluka m'maboma amigodi," atero katswiri wa BTG Pactual a Cesar Perez. "Pakhoza kukhala zotheka pomwe boma likhala loletsa, koma malinga ndi momwe makampani adakhalira, chiwopsezo chakusokonekera pakupanga akadali kutali."

Kusankhidwa kwa Zinthu Zopangira Mpira Mill

Zosiyanasiyana zophwanyidwa, zogwirira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zimafunikira ma liner osiyanasiyana kuti agwirizane. Komanso, chipinda chogawirako ndi chopera bwino chimafunikira zingwe zosiyanasiyana.

H&G Machinery imapereka zinthu zotsatirazi kuti muponyere liner yanu ya mphero:

Chitsulo cha Manganese

The manganese zili mkulu manganese zitsulo mpira mphero akalowa mbale nthawi zambiri 11-14%, ndi mpweya zili zambiri 0.90-1.50%, ambiri amene ali pamwamba 1.0%. Pakatundu wocheperako, kuuma kumatha kufika HB300-400. Pakatundu wambiri, kuuma kumatha kufika HB500-800. Kutengera momwe zimakhudzira, kuya kwa wosanjikiza wowuma kumatha kufika 10-20mm. Wosanjikiza wowuma wokhala ndi kuuma kwakukulu kumatha kukana kukhudzidwa ndikuchepetsa kuvala kwa abrasive. Chitsulo chapamwamba cha manganese chimakhala ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri yotsutsana ndi kuvala pansi pakuvala kwamphamvu kwa abrasive, motero nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osamva amigodi, zida zomangira, mphamvu zotentha, ndi zida zina zamakina. Pansi pazikhalidwe zotsika kwambiri, chitsulo chachikulu cha manganese sichingakhale ndi mawonekedwe azinthuzo chifukwa chowumitsa ntchito sichikuwonekera.

Mapangidwe a Chemical

 Zimango katundu ndi kapangidwe metallographic

Mafotokozedwe azinthu

Chrome Alloy Steel

Chromium aloyi kuponyedwa chitsulo ogaŵikana mkulu chromium aloyi kuponyedwa chitsulo (chromium zili 8-26% mpweya zili 2.0-3.6%), sing'anga chromium aloyi kuponyedwa chitsulo (chromium zili 4-6%, mpweya zili 2.0-3.2%), otsika chromium Mitundu itatu ya aloyi kuponyedwa chitsulo (chromium zili 1-3%, carbon zili 2.1-3.6%). Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti microhardness ya M7C3 eutectic carbide ndi HV1300-1800, yomwe imagawidwa mu mawonekedwe a maukonde osweka ndi olekanitsidwa pa martensite (yovuta kwambiri muzitsulo zachitsulo) masanjidwewo, kuchepetsa zotsatira za cleavage pa masanjidwewo. Chifukwa chake, cholumikizira chapamwamba cha chromium chimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, kulimba kwa mphero ya mpira, komanso kukana kuvala kwapamwamba, ndipo magwiridwe ake amayimira kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe zitsulo sizimva kuvala.

Mapangidwe a Chemical

Zimango katundu ndi kapangidwe metallographic

Mafotokozedwe azinthu

Cr-Mo Aloyi Chitsulo

H&G Machinery imagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cha Cr-Mo alloy poponya mphero. Zinthuzi kutengera muyeso waku Australia, (AS2074 Standard L2B, ndi AS2074 Standard L2C) zimapatsa mphamvu komanso kukana kuvala pamapulogalamu onse opangira ma semi-autogenous mphero.

Mapangidwe a Chemical

Physical Property & Microstructure

Ni-hard Steel

Ni-Hard ndi chitsulo choyera choyera, chosakanikirana ndi faifi tambala ndi chromium yoyenera kutsika pang'ono, ma abrasion otsetsereka pazonse zonyowa komanso zowuma. Ni-Hard ndi chinthu chosamva kuvala kwambiri, chopangidwa m'mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe omwe ndi abwino kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pamapangidwe abrasive ndi kuvala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.

Mapangidwe a Chemical

Chitsulo Choyera

Mapangidwe a Chemical

Physical Property & Microstructure

Ngati muli ndi mafunso apadera, chonde lemberani injiniya wathu kuti akuthandizeni!

Nick Sun        [email protected]