Barrick yana haifar da rikici tare da PNG akan ma'adinan Porgera

Barrick Gold na Kanada (TSX: ABX) (NYSE: GOLD) ya ba  da sanarwar takaddama ga gwamnatin Papua New Guinea  (PNG) kan ƙin sabunta lasisin ma'adinan Porgera na ƙasar.

Kamfanin samar da zinari na biyu mafi girma a duniya ya yi nuni da cewa matakin da PNG ta  dauka na kin amincewa da bukatar  tsawaita hayar ya saba wa yarjejeniyar saka hannun jari tsakanin kasar da Ostireliya, da kuma dokokin kasa da kasa da ke kula da zuba jarin waje.

Idan ɓangarorin ba za su iya sasanta rikicin ta hanyar tattaunawa ba, Barrick yana shirin kai PNG zuwa sulhu na ƙasa da ƙasa.

A cikin wata sanarwa da Catherine Coumans, na MiningWatch Canada ta ce "Abin takaici ne cewa Barrick yana neman sulhu na kasa da kasa ta hanyar rassansa a gaban kotun PNG ta yanke hukunci kan karar." 

Ta kara da cewa "Ma'adanan na daya daga cikin mafi munin misalan hakar ma'adinan rashin da'a da na sani."

Barrick da abokin aikinsa na kasar Sin, Zijin Mining,  sun dakatar da ayyukan hakar ma'adinan na wani dan lokaci  a lardin Enga a karshen watan Afrilu. Matakin ya biyo bayan kin sabunta lasisin Porgera da Firayim Minista James Marape ya yi bisa  matsalolin muhalli da zamantakewa.

Mai hakar ma'adinan na Toronto ya lura da irin wannan kin amincewa da aka sanar a bainar jama'a ba tare da sanar da manajan ma'adinan, Barrick Niugini Limited, ko bin ka'ida ba.

A cikin watan Mayu, katafaren gwal din ya ba da karin hannun jarin kashi 15% a mahakar ma'adinan Porgera ga masu mallakar gida, a wani sabon yunkuri na warware takaddamar da gwamnati ke yi kan makomar ma'adinan.

Daga baya PNG ta yi wa Barrick barazanar aikata laifuka, inda ta yi iƙirarin cewa haɗin gwiwar kamfanin a ƙasar na shirin fitar da dala miliyan 13 na zinariya da azurfa zuwa Australia ba bisa ka'ida ba. BNL ta musanta zargin.

Rikicin da ke gudana ya yiwa Barrick abin da cutar ba ta yi ba - ya haifar da fitar da ake tsammanin na shekarar. Yanzu  tana sa ran samar da tsakanin oza miliyan 4.6 da miliyan 5 na zinari  a bana - oza 200,000 kasa da kiyasin da ta yi a baya.

Barrick ya bayyana a lokacin cewa PNG ta kuma nemi kamfanin da Zijin da su  biya dala miliyan 191 a matsayin haraji , wanda ya samo asali daga binciken haraji da aka gudanar tsakanin 2006 da 2015.

Mataki na daya mai yiwuwa

Shugaban Barrick kuma babban jami'in zartarwa, Mark Bristow, ya fada a cikin Maris cewa  Porgera yana da "fasalin matakin farko"  amma ya fuskanci kalubale da yawa ta hanyar "matsalolin gado da kuma unguwar da ba ta dace ba."

Ma'adinin zinare, wanda ke yankin tsaunukan arewa na PNG, wani kamfani ne na hadin gwiwa tsakanin Barrick da Zijin Mining. Kowannensu yana da kashi 47.5% na ma'adinan, sauran kashi 5% na hannun masu mallakar fili ne kungiyar ma'adinai ta Enga.

Porgera yana ba da gudummawar kusan kashi 10% na abubuwan da ƙasar ke fitarwa kuma yana ɗaukar ma'aikata sama da 3,300 na Papua New Guinea.

Budadden rami da ma'adinin zinare na karkashin kasa suna zaune a tsayin mita 2,200-2,600 a lardin Enga, kuma yana da tazarar kilomita 600 (mil 370) arewa maso yammacin Port Moresby.

Sauran kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai da ke aiki a PNG, gami da Newcrest na Ostiraliya (ASX: NCM), ba su yi tasiri da shawarar da ta shafi Porgera ba. Mai hakar ma'adinan ya "yi maraba da" goyon bayan Firayim Minista game da kadarar ta  Wafi Golpu na zinari da tagulla , ya kara da cewa yarjejeniyar hakar ma'adinan ta musamman a ayyukan Lihir ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin kyakkyawan yanayi tare da sabuntawa ba a buƙata har zuwa 2035.

Halaye da Matsayi na Chromium Alloy Steel Mill liners

Babban simintin simintin gyare-gyare na chromium gabaɗaya yana nufin gawa farin simintin ƙarfe tare da abun ciki na chromium na 12% - 30% da abun cikin carbon na 2.4% - 3.6%. An kwatanta shi da microhardness hv1300 ~ 1800 na M7C3 eutectic carbide, wanda aka tarwatsa a kan matrix na martensite (tsarin mafi wuya a cikin matrix karfe) a cikin hanyar da aka karye da kuma keɓaɓɓen siffar, wanda ke rage tasirin rarrabawa akan matrix. . Saboda haka, babban chromium alloy liner yana da babban ƙarfi, tauri, da juriya mai girma, kuma aikin sa yana wakiltar mafi girman matakin ƙarfe na ƙarfe. An yi amfani da shi sosai a manyan injinan ƙwallon siminti a ƙasashen waje. Rayuwar sabis na bin na farko shine shekaru 6-8, kuma na bin na biyu da na uku ya fi shekaru 12.

A aikace aikace, ƙananan carbon high chromium simintin ƙarfe (karfe) farantin rufi gabaɗaya ana amfani da shi don yanayin aiki tare da babban tasiri mai nauyi, kuma ana amfani da farantin ƙarfe mai girma na carbon da babban chromium simintin ƙarfe don yanayin aiki tare da ƙaramin tasiri, don haka ba da cikakken wasa ga juriya na kayan aiki. Misali, Cr15 liner tare da 2.4% ~ 2.65% C za a iya amfani da shi don niƙa ƙasa da 4.2m (bini ɗaya); Cr20 da Cr26 masu layi tare da 2.65% ~ 2.85% C za a iya amfani da su don niƙa sama da 4.2m; lokacin da akwai pre pulverizing tsarin kafin nika, kamar "nadi latsa + siminti niƙa", matsakaicin ball diamita ne kasa da 60mm, da kuma C abun ciki na iya zama mafi girma, wanda zai iya tabbatar da sabis rayuwa (biyan guda) na 8-10. shekaru, kuma rayuwar sabis na bin 2 da 3 ya fi tsayi. The nika kai farantin za a iya yi da matsakaici (ƙananan) carbon high chromium simintin ƙarfe; da fitarwa grate farantin za a iya yi da matsakaici da kuma high carbon high chromium simintin ƙarfe; da partition jirgin hada tubalan za a iya sanya daga low carbon high chromium jefa baƙin ƙarfe.

Aikace-aikace na aiki

The chromium alloy karfe niƙa liners samar da Qiming Machinery sun hada da Cr13, Cr15, Cr20, da kuma Cr26, wanda ake amfani da fiye da 200 sets na ball Mills tare da daban-daban bayani dalla-dalla da kuma model na ø1.83M, ø2.2M, ø3M, ø3.5m , ø3.8m, ø4.2m, ø5M, da kuma ø5.4m. Misali, An yi amfani da layin niƙa na Cr15 a cikin kwandon farko na ø2.2m × 6.5m a cikin simintin Yanshi tsawon shekaru 13; An yi amfani da layin niƙa na Cr15 a cikin farkon bin na ø 3m × 9m a cikin Shunbao Siminti na shekaru 7; A cikin Mayu 2020, injinan niƙa na Cr26 da farantin niƙa da aka yi amfani da su akan babban babban niƙa na Dayyu siminti (Shandong) Co., Ltd. ø5.4m × 15.5m. suna ci gaba da gudana sama da shekaru 6. A cewar rahoton na abokin ciniki, rayuwar sabis na farantin niƙa ya zarce sau 2 na ainihin farantin niƙa da aka shigo da su, kuma ana sa ran za a yi amfani da shi kusan shekaru 2.

Chromium gami karfe niƙa linerssimintin samar

Ingantacciyar tasiri taurin manyan ƙwanƙwaran ƙarfe na ƙarfe na chromium

Lokacin zabar babban kayan simintin ƙarfe na chromium don shirya kayan aikin niƙa, masana'antar samarwa yakamata ta ba da fifiko ga juriyar lalacewa, a lokaci guda kuma ya kamata ya ba da kulawa ta musamman ga haɗuwa da ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Sai kawai lokacin daidaitawar kwayoyin halitta na babban ƙarfi, ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, da juriya mai girma za a iya kawo kyakkyawan aikin babban simintin ƙarfe na chromium zuwa cikakken wasa.

Domin inganta kaddarorin simintin simintin gyare-gyare na chromium mai girma, ya kamata a ƙara haɓaka taurin KIC ƙimar babban simintin ƙarfe na chromium da farko. Lokacin da CR> 13%, M7C3 eutectic carbides na babban simintin simintin gyare-gyare na chromium na iya karya kuma a ware. Lokacin da eutectic carbides ya kasance baya canzawa kuma rabon CR / C yana tsakanin 6.6 da 7.1, raunin raunin KIC ƙimar babban simintin ƙarfe na chromium shine mafi girma, wato, juriya yaduwa shine mafi ƙarfi. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa ilimin halittar jiki, rarrabawa, da girman M7C3 eutectic carbides za a iya inganta su ta hanyar rage zafin jiki ko tsawaita lokacin riƙewa,

Ƙara tauri. Hanya mafi sauƙi da tattalin arziki don canza ilimin halittar jiki, adadi, girman da rarraba eutectic carbides a cikin babban simintin ƙarfe na chromium da inganta ƙarfinsa da taurinsa shine canza ƙarfe mai narkewa, sarrafa ƙarfinsa, kuma mafi mahimmanci, tsaftace eutectic carbide, rage girman. rarrabuwar sa akan matrix, tsaftace matrix kuma inganta taurin.

Amintaccen amfani da babban chromium gami karfe niƙa liners

• Karaya shine babban yanayin gazawar babban layin chromium gami. Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da karaya sune lahani na simintin simintin gyare-gyare, kamar zubar da ruwa, rami mai raguwa, porosity, haɗawa, da sauransu.
• Manyan layukan niƙa na ƙarfe na ƙarfe na chromium ya kamata su zama ƙanana da kauri, rami ɗaya a kusa, ko babu rami a kulle. Ba a yarda a yi amfani da farantin lilin babba da sirara ko rami biyu ba.
• A lokacin shigarwa na babban rufin rufin chromium, farantin mai rufi tare da ramukan ƙugiya za a daidaita shi tare da kusoshi. Wurin shigarwa da silinda ya kamata ya kasance cikin hulɗa da juna. Zai fi kyau a zaɓi matashin roba a matsayin matashi. An haramta shi sosai don shigarwa da amfani da babban layin chromium ba tare da wani kwanciya ba. A lokacin aikin farko (Trial) bayan shigarwa, dole ne a cika injin niƙa da wasu adadin kayan kafin aikin. An haramta shi sosai don gudanar da injin niƙa ba tare da kaya ba.

@Nick Sun     [email protected]