Kuphulika kunayimitsa kupanga Lachitatu pamgodi wa malasha woyendetsedwa ndi Anglo American kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Queensland ku Australia, kuvulaza anthu asanu patangotha ​​​​miyezi ingapo atawunikiranso zamakampani omwe akufuna kuti pakhale malamulo abwino.

Nkhaniyi ndi yachiwiri kwa kampaniyo m’miyezi 15 m’derali, m’boma wina atamwalira ndipo anayi anavulala pamalo ena oyandikana nawo mwezi wa February chaka chatha pa ngozi ya mobisa yomwe inayimitsa ntchito kwa masiku anayi.

"Mgodiyo uli mkati mothamangitsidwa ndipo ntchito zayimitsidwa," adatero Anglo American, ndikuwonjezera kuti omwe anavulala pa mgodi wa malasha wa Grosvenor metallurgical m'chigawo chapakati cha Bowen Basin adatengedwa kupita kuchipatala, ndipo mabanja awo adauza.

"Onse omwe adatsalira patsamba adawerengedwa," idatero m'mawu ake.

Bungwe la Australian Broadcasting Corp (ABC) lati odwalawo ali pachiwopsezo chovuta kwambiri atapsa ndi matupi awo kumtunda komanso njira zapamlengalenga kutsatira kuphulikako.

Woyimilira ku Queensland Mines Inspectorate adatsimikiza kuti oyenderawo anali pamalopo ndipo ayamba kufufuza za nkhaniyi.

Grosvenor adatulutsa matani 4.7 miliyoni a malasha azitsulo kapena zitsulo mu 2019.

Chaka chatha boma lidapereka kuwunika kwamakampani pambuyo poti anthu asanu ndi mmodzi amwalira m'malo amigodi mchaka chonsecho mpaka Julayi 2019, ndikukhazikitsa lamulo lodziyimira pawokha zaumoyo ndi chitetezo, lomwe likuyembekezeka kukhazikitsidwa ndi theka lachiwiri la 2020.

Ndemanga ya Brady idawunikira zomwe zidapangitsa kuti anthu 47 afa pantchito zamigodi m'boma kuyambira 2000 mpaka 2019.

Autogenous mphero ndi mtundu watsopano wa zida zopera zomwe zili ndi ntchito zonse zophwanyidwa ndi kugaya. Amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe akupera ngati sing'anga, kupyolera muzogwirizana ndi kugaya kuti akwaniritse comminution. The theka-autogenous mphero ndi kuwonjezera ochepa mipira zitsulo mu mphero autogenous, mphamvu yake processing akhoza ziwonjezeke ndi 10% - 30%, mowa mphamvu pa unit mankhwala akhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi 10% - 20%, koma kuvala kwa liner kumachulukirachulukira ndi 15%, ndipo kukoma kwake kumakhala kokulirapo. Monga gawo lofunikira la mphero yodziyimira yokha, zipolopolo za zipolopolo za thupi la silinda zimawonongeka kwambiri chifukwa cha mphamvu ya mpira wachitsulo womwe umakwezedwa ndi mtengo wonyamulira liner pa liner kumapeto kwina pakugwira ntchito kwa mphero ya SAG.

Mu 2009, mphero ziwiri zatsopano zokhala ndi mainchesi 7.53 × 4.27 zidamangidwa ku Panzhihua Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., zopanga matani 2 miliyoni pachaka. Mu 2011, mphero yatsopano yokhala ndi mainchesi 9.15 × 5.03 idamangidwa ku Baima concentrator ya Panzhihua Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., yokhala ndi matani 5 miliyoni pachaka. Popeza ntchito yoyeserera ya theka-autogenous mphero ndi awiri a 9.15 × 5.03, liners zipolopolo ndi gululi mbale ya mphero nthawi zambiri kusweka, ndi mlingo ntchito ndi 55% okha, amene kwambiri zimakhudza kupanga ndi dzuwa.

Mphero ya 9.15 m semi-autogenous mu Baima mine ya Panzhihua Iron and Steel Group yagwiritsa ntchito silinda yopangidwa ndi opanga ambiri. Moyo wautali kwambiri wautumiki ndi wochepera miyezi itatu, ndipo moyo waufupi kwambiri ndi sabata imodzi yokha, zomwe zimatsogolera ku mphamvu yotsika ya mphero yodziyimira yokha komanso kuchuluka kwa mtengo wopanga. H&G Machinery Co.; Ltd  idalowa mozama pamalo a 9.15m semi autogenous mphero kuti afufuze mosalekeza ndikuyesa. Kupyolera mu kukhathamiritsa kwa zinthu zoponyera, kuponyera, ndi njira yochizira kutentha, moyo wautumiki wa zipolopolo zopangidwa mu mgodi wa Baima zadutsa miyezi inayi, ndipo zotsatira zake ndi zoonekeratu.

Kusanthula koyambitsa moyo waufupi wa zipolopolo za SAG mill

Magawo ndi mawonekedwe a φ 9.15 × 5.03 semi-autogenous mill ku Baima concentrator. Table 1 ndi parameter tebulo:

Kukanika kuwunika kwa zipolopolo zakale za SAG mill

Popeza kutumidwa kwa φ 9.15 × 5.03 theka-autogenous mphero ku Baima concentrator, kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndi pafupifupi 55% chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kosakhazikika komanso kusinthidwa kwa mphero, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri phindu lachuma. Njira yayikulu yolephereka ya chipolopolo cha chipolopolo chikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1 (a). Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa pa malo, SAG mphero zipolopolo liners ndi lattice mbale ndi zikuluzikulu zolephera mbali, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mmene zinthu zilili mu Mkuyu 2 (b). Sitikupatula zinthu zina, kokha kuchokera ku liner yokhayokha, mavuto akulu ndi awa:

1. Chifukwa cha kusankhidwa kosayenera kwa zinthu, mbale yachitsulo ya silinda imasokoneza njira yogwiritsira ntchito, yomwe imapangitsa kuti pakhale kuphatikizika kwa mbale ya liner, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale fracture ndi zidutswa;

2. Monga gawo lofunikira la silinda ya silinda, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa kukana kuvala, pamene makulidwe a mzerewo ndi pafupifupi 30 mm, mphamvu yonse ya kuponyera imachepa, ndipo zotsatira za mpira wachitsulo sizingatsutsidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kupasuka ndi kuphulika. kuchotsa;

3. Zowonongeka zamtundu wa kuponyera, monga zonyansa muzitsulo zosungunula, mpweya wambiri, ndi mawonekedwe osaphatikizana, zimachepetsa mphamvu ndi kulimba kwazitsulo.

Mapangidwe atsopano a zipolopolo za SAG mill

Mfundo yosankha mankhwala ndikupangitsa kuti makina a chipolopolo cha liner ndi grid plate akwaniritse zofunikira izi:

1) High kuvala kukana. Kuvala kwa zipolopolo za liner ndi grid plate ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa kuchepa kwa moyo wautumiki wa zipolopolo za liner, ndipo kukana kuvala kumayimira moyo wautumiki wa liner ndi grid plate.

2) High kukhudza kulimba. Kulimba kwamphamvu ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chimatha kubwezeretsanso chikhalidwe choyambirira pambuyo pochita mphamvu inayake yakunja nthawi yomweyo. Kotero kuti chipolopolo cha chipolopolo ndi mbale ya gridi zisawonongeke panthawi ya mpira wachitsulo.

Mapangidwe a Chemical

1) Zomwe zili mu carbon ndi C zimayendetsedwa pakati pa 0.4% ndi 0.6% pansi pa mavalidwe osiyanasiyana, makamaka katundu wokhudzidwa;

2) Zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti zomwe zili mu Si ndi Si zimalimbitsa ferrite, kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha zokolola, kuchepetsa kulimba ndi pulasitiki, komanso kukhala ndi chizolowezi chowonjezera kupsa mtima, ndipo zomwe zili mkati zimayendetsedwa pakati pa 0.2-0.45%;

3) Mn okhutira, Mn element makamaka imagwira ntchito yolimbikitsa yankho, kuwongolera mphamvu, kuuma ndi kukana kuvala, kukulitsa kupsa mtima komanso mawonekedwe owopsa, ndipo zomwe zili mkati mwake zimayendetsedwa pakati pa 0.8-2.0%;

4) Zomwe zili mu chromium, Cr element, chinthu chofunika kwambiri chachitsulo chosamva kuvala, chimakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbikitsa kwambiri pazitsulo ndipo imatha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu, kuuma ndi kuvala kukana kwachitsulo, ndipo zomwe zili mkati zimayendetsedwa pakati pa 1.4-3.0%;

5) Mo content, Mo element ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zachitsulo chosamva kuvala, kulimbikitsa ferrite, kuyenga tirigu, kuchepetsa kapena kuthetsa kupsa mtima, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ndi kuuma kwachitsulo, zomwe zimayendetsedwa pakati pa 0.4-1.0%;

6) Zomwe zili mu Ni zimayendetsedwa mkati mwa 0.9-2.0%,

7) Zomwe zili mu vanadium zikakhala zazing'ono, kukula kwa tirigu kumayengedwa ndipo kulimba kumakula. Zomwe zili mu vanadium zimatha kuyendetsedwa mkati mwa 0.03-0.08%;

8) Zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti deoxidation ndi kukonzanso tirigu zotsatira za titaniyamu ndizodziwikiratu, ndipo zomwe zili mkati zimayendetsedwa pakati pa 0.03% ndi 0.08%;

9) Re amatha kuyeretsa chitsulo chosungunula, kuyeretsa ma microstructure, kuchepetsa mpweya, ndi zinthu zina zoipa muzitsulo. Mphamvu, pulasitiki ndi kutopa kukana kwachitsulo chapamwamba kumatha kuwongoleredwa mkati mwa 0.04-0.08%;

10) Zomwe zili mu P ndi s ziyenera kulamulidwa pansi pa 0.03%.

Chifukwa chake kapangidwe kake kapangidwe katsopano ka SAG mill liners ndi:

Casting Technology

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zaukadaulo wakuponya

1. Mpweya woipa woipa sodium silicate kudziletsa kuumitsa mchenga ntchito mosamalitsa kulamulira chinyezi zili akamaumba mchenga;
2. Zopaka za ufa wa zircon zokhala ndi mowa ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo zomwe zidatha sizigwiritsidwa ntchito;
3. Pogwiritsa ntchito thovu kuti apange chitsanzo cholimba, fillet iliyonse yoponyera iyenera kutulutsidwa pathupi, yomwe imafunika kukula kwake ndi kapangidwe koyenera;
4. Pakuumba, mapindikidwe ayenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa, ndipo wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayenera kuyika mchenga mofanana, ndipo nkhungu ya mchenga iyenera kukhala yokwanira komanso yokwanira, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo, kusinthika kwa chitsanzo chenichenicho kuyenera kupewedwa;
5. Mu ndondomeko ya nkhungu kusinthidwa, kukula ayenera mosamalitsa kufufuzidwa kuonetsetsa amiyeso yolondola nkhungu mchenga;
6. Mchenga nkhungu uyenera kuumitsa musanatseke bokosi;
7. Yang'anani kukula kwa pachimake chilichonse kuti mupewe makulidwe a khoma.

Kuponya ndondomeko

Kutsanulira kutentha ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza kapangidwe ka mkati mwa castings. Ngati kuthira kutentha ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, kutentha kwakukulu kwachitsulo chosungunuka ndi chachikulu, kuponyera ndikosavuta kutulutsa shrinkage porosity ndi kapangidwe kolimba; ngati kutentha kwakuthira kuli kochepa kwambiri, kutentha kwazitsulo zamadzimadzi kumakhala kochepa, ndipo kuthira sikokwanira. Kutentha kothira kumayendetsedwa pakati pa 1510 ℃ ndi 1520 ℃, komwe kumatha kuwonetsetsa kuti microstructure yabwino komanso kudzazidwa kwathunthu. Liwiro lothira loyenera ndiye chinsinsi cha mawonekedwe ophatikizika ndipo palibe shrinkage mu chokwera. Pamene kuthamanga kwa kuthira kuli pafupi ndi malo a chitoliro cha madzi ozizira, mfundo ya "pang'onopang'ono poyamba, ndiye mofulumira, ndiyeno pang'onopang'ono" idzatsatiridwa. Ndiko kuyamba kuthira pang’onopang’ono. Pamene chitsulo chosungunula chimalowa m'thupi loponyera, kuthamanga kwa madzi kumawonjezeka kuti chitsulo chosungunula chikwere mofulumira, ndiyeno kuthirako kumachedwa. Chitsulo chosungunuka chikalowa 2/3 ya kutalika kwa chokwera, chokwera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga kuthira mpaka kumapeto kwa kuthira.

Kutentha mankhwala

Kuphatikizika koyenera kwa zitsulo zapakatikati ndi zochepa za carbon structural steels kumatha kuchedwetsa kwambiri kusintha kwa pearlite ndikuwunikira kusintha kwa bainite kotero kuti mawonekedwe olamulidwa ndi bainite atha kupezedwa pamlingo waukulu wopitilira kuzizira pambuyo pa austenitizing, yomwe imatchedwa bainitic chitsulo. Chitsulo cha Bainitic chikhoza kupeza katundu wapamwamba kwambiri ndi kutsika kochepa kwa kuzizira, motero kufewetsa njira yochizira kutentha ndi kuchepetsa mapindikidwe.

Chithandizo cha isothermal

Ndichipambano chachikulu m'munda wazitsulo ndi zitsulo zopangira zitsulo kuti mupeze zitsulo za bainite pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a isothermal, omwe ndi amodzi mwa njira zopangira zitsulo zamtengo wapatali ndi nano zitsulo. Komabe, austempering ndondomeko ndi zipangizo zovuta, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi lalikulu, mankhwala mtengo ndi mkulu, quenching sing'anga kuipitsidwa chilengedwe, yaitali kupanga mkombero ndi zina zotero.

Chithandizo choziziritsa mpweya

Pofuna kuthana ndi zofooka za chithandizo cha isothermal, mtundu wachitsulo wa bainitic unakonzedwa ndi kuzizira kwa mpweya pambuyo poponya. Komabe, kuti mupeze bainite yambiri, mkuwa, molybdenum, nickel ndi ma alloys ena amtengo wapatali ayenera kuwonjezeredwa, omwe sali ndi mtengo wokwera komanso amakhala ndi zovuta zovuta.

Kuwongolera kuziziritsa mankhwala

Kuzizira kolamulidwa poyamba kunali lingaliro mu ndondomeko yazitsulo zoyendetsedwa ndi zitsulo. M'zaka zaposachedwa, yapanga njira yochiritsira yotentha komanso yopulumutsa mphamvu. Panthawi yochizira kutentha, ma microstructure opangidwa amatha kupezeka ndipo zinthu zachitsulo zimatha kusinthidwa ndi kuzizira koyendetsedwa. Kafukufuku wokhudza kugudubuzika koyendetsedwa ndi kuziziritsa kwachitsulo akuwonetsa kuti kuziziritsa koyendetsedwa kungathe kulimbikitsa mapangidwe amphamvu ndi olimba a carbon bainite amphamvu pamene mankhwala achitsulo ali oyenera. Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zoziziritsa kuziziritsa zimaphatikizapo kuzirala kwa jet, kuzirala kwa laminar, kuziziritsa kwa chinsalu chamadzi, kuziziritsa kwa atomization, kuziziritsa kwautsi, kuziziritsa kozizira kwa mbale, kuziziritsa kwa mpweya wamadzi, kuzimitsa kwachindunji, ndi zina zambiri. .

Kutentha mankhwala processing njira

Malinga ndi zida za kampaniyo komanso momwe zinthu ziliri, timatengera njira yoziziritsira yoziziritsa nthawi zonse. Njira yeniyeni ndikuwonjezera kutentha kwa AC3 + (50 ~ 100) centigrade molingana ndi kutentha kwina ndikufulumizitsa kuziziritsa pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo choziziritsa chopopera chamadzi chopangidwa ndi kampani yathu kuti zinthuzo ziziziziritsidwa ndi mpweya. kudziwumitsa. Itha kukhala yathunthu komanso yofananira ma bainite, kukwaniritsa magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, mwachiwonekere apamwamba kuposa zinthu zomwezo, ndikuchotsa mitundu yachiwiri ya kupsa mtima.

Zotsatira

• Kapangidwe ka Metallographic: 6.5 giredi Kukula kwambewu
• HRC 45-50
• Chigoba cha chigayo chachikulu cha semi-autogenous chopangidwa ndi kampani yathu chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka pafupifupi 3.5 pa Φ 9.15 m semi-autogenous mill ku Baima mgodi wa Panzhihua Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd. moyo wautumiki ndiwoposa Miyezi 4, ndipo moyo wautali kwambiri wautumiki ndi miyezi 7. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa moyo wautumiki, mtengo wogaya wa unit umachepetsedwa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri m'malo mwa mbale yachitsulo imachepetsedwa kwambiri, kupanga bwino kumakhala bwino kwambiri ndipo phindu likuwonekera.
• Kusankhidwa kwazinthu ndiye chinsinsi chothandizira moyo wautumiki wa mphero zazikulu za semi-autogenous mphero, ndipo kuphatikizika kwa magiredi achitsulo ndi njira yabwino yopititsira patsogolo kukana kuvala.
• Kapangidwe ka bainite kokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kulimba kwambiri ndi chitsimikizo chothandizira moyo wautumiki wa liner ya chipolopolo cha semi-autogenous mill.
• Njira yoponyera ndi njira yochizira kutentha ndi yabwino kuwonetsetsa kuti mawonekedwe oponyerawo ndi wandiweyani, omwe amatha kupititsa patsogolo moyo wautumiki wa chipolopolo cha semi-autogenous mill liner.

Nick Sun       [email protected]